Influence of Substitutional Defects in ZIF-8 Membranes on Reverse Osmosis Desalination: A Molecular Dynamics Study.

In this study, molecular dynamics simulation is used to investigate the effects of water-based substitutional defects in zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIF)-8 membranes on their reverse osmosis (RO) desalination performance. ZIF-8 unit cells containing up to three defect sites are used to construct the membranes. These substitutional defects can either be Zn defects or linker defects.

Value of postmortem thoracic CT over radiography in imaging of pediatric rib fractures.

Background: Studies have reported that thoracic CT may provide greater sensitivity compared with radiography in detection of pediatric rib fractures and fracture healing. The additional sensitivity afforded by thoracic CT may have medicolegal implications where abuse is suspected.

Objective: To determine the additional value of postmortem thoracic CT compared with radiography in detecting pediatric rib fractures, and fracture healing, using autopsy findings as a gold standard.

Whole-body MR angiography: initial experience in imaging pediatric vasculopathy.

Radiological assessment of vasculopathy in children is typically undertaken with ultrasonography, echocardiography, conventional angiography, computed tomography and, more recently, positron emission tomography. Drawbacks of these modalities include radiation exposure or, in the case of ultrasonography, the dependence on operator skills and sufficient acoustic windows. With advancements in MR technology, which have improved sensitivity and shortened scan times, whole-body magnetic resonance angiography (WB-MRA) lends itself as a potential "one-stop shop" for vascular imaging.

Brown adipose tissue 18F-FDG uptake in pediatric PET/CT imaging.

Positron emission tomography (PET) using [F-18]2-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose (FDG) fused with CT ((18)F-FDG PET/CT) has been widely adopted in oncological imaging. However, it is known that benign lesions and other metabolically active tissues, such as brown adipose tissue (BAT), can accumulate (18)F-FDG, potentially resulting in false-positive interpretation. Previous studies have reported that (18)F-FDG uptake in BAT is more common in children than in adults.

Osteonecrosis in an adolescent with non-Hodgkin lymphoma resembling a new metastatic lesion on (18)F-FDG PET/CT.

Osteonecrosis may result from complications in a variety of pediatric diseases and, in the early stages of healing, may be characterized by inflammation and hyperemia. While traditionally assessed by bone scintigraphy, osteonecrosis may also present upon [F-18]2-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose PET/CT. Differentiation of osteonecrosis from metastatic lesions is important to ensure accurate disease staging and to avoid unnecessary imaging and biopsy.

Massage impairs postexercise muscle blood flow and "lactic acid" removal.

Purpose: This study tested the hypothesis that one of the ways sports massage aids muscle recovery from exercise is by increasing muscle blood flow to improve "lactic acid" removal.

Methods: Twelve subjects performed 2 min of strenuous isometric handgrip (IHG) exercise at 40% maximum voluntary contraction to elevate forearm muscle lactic acid. Forearm blood flow (FBF; Doppler and Echo ultrasound of the brachial artery) and deep venous forearm blood lactate and H+ concentration ([La-], [H+]) were measured every minute for 10 min post-IHG under three conditions: passive (passive rest), active (rhythmic exercise at 10% maximum voluntary contraction), and massage (effleurage and pétrissage).