Comparison of various chemical compounds for the removal of SO and NO with wet scrubbing for marine diesel engines.

Seawater, NaOH, NaClO, NaClO, HO, and KMnO were used as scrubbing liquids to react with SO and NO separately in a customized wet scrubber. The absorption of SO in the aqueous phase was influenced by three factors: pH, ionic concentration, and oxidation potential. For NO removal, the effectiveness of various chemical compounds can be ranked from least to most effective as follows: seawater, NaOH, HO < NaClO < KMnO < NaClO.

Lengthening of the gastrocnemius-soleus complex: an anatomical and biomechanical study in human cadavers.

Background: Lengthening of the gastrocnemius-soleus complex is frequently performed for equinus deformity. Many techniques have been described, but there is uncertainty regarding the precise details of some surgical procedures.

Methods: The surgical anatomy of the gastrocnemius-soleus complex was investigated, and standardized approaches were developed for the procedures described by Baumann, Strayer, Vulpius, Baker, Hoke, and White.

The effects of intramuscular tenotomy on the lengthening characteristics of tibialis posterior: high versus low intramuscular tenotomy.

Background: Lengthening of soft-tissue contractures is frequently required in children with a wide variety of congenital and acquired deformities. However, little is known about the biomechanics of surgical procedures which are commonly used in contracture surgery, or if variations in technique may have a bearing on surgical outcomes. We investigated the hypothesis that the site of intramuscular tenotomy (IMT) within the muscle-tendon-unit (MTU) of the tibialis posterior (TP) would affect the lengthening characteristics.

Bilateral peroneal compartment syndrome after horse riding.

A healthy 20-year-old woman developed acute ischemia of the lateral compartment of both calves shortly after a 30-minute horse ride. On one side, she developed compartment syndrome with resultant complete myonecrosis of the compartment, whereas on the other side, there was spontaneous resolution. To our knowledge, this is the first report of bilateral lateral compartment ischemia after horse riding.

Functional outcome of tibial plateau fractures treated with the fine-wire fixator.

Objective: To review the functional outcome of patients with complex tibial plateau fractures treated with fine-wire fixation.

Design: Retrospective review with follow-up of patients in outpatient clinic.

Setting: Tertiary trauma center.

Management of the upper limb in cerebral palsy.

The management of the upper limb in cerebral palsy is often complex and challenging. Effective treatment requires a multidisciplinary approach involving paediatricians, occupational therapists, physiotherapists, orthotists and upper extremity surgeons. Interventions are generally aimed at improving function and cosmesis by spasticity management, preventing contractures and correcting established deformities.

Accuracy of intramuscular injection of botulinum toxin A in juvenile cerebral palsy: a comparison between manual needle placement and placement guided by electrical stimulation.

Most clinicians who perform botulinum toxin A injections for children with cerebral palsy do so using the "free-hand" or manual technique without using radiologic or electrophysiologic guidance to aid needle placement. The objective of this study was to investigate the accuracy of manual needle placement compared with needle placement guided by electrical stimulation. A total of 1,372 separate injections for upper and lower limb spasticity were evaluated in 226 children with cerebral palsy.

Influence of surface properties on the mechanism of H2S removal by alkaline activated carbons.

Alkaline activated carbons are widely used as adsorbents of hydrogen sulfide (H2S), one of the major odorous compounds arising from sewage treatment facilities. Although a number of studies have explored the effects of various parameters, mechanisms of H2S adsorption by alkaline carbons are not yet fully understood. The major difficulty seems to lie in the fact that little is known with certainty about the predominant reactions occurring on the carbon surface.

Botulinum toxin A in the management of upper limb spasticity in cerebral palsy.

Clinical experience thus far has shown BoNT-A to be a safe and efficacious method in the short to medium term management of spasticity of the upper limb in cerebral palsy. The relaxation of hypertonic musculature allows for improvement in function and posture, reduction of pain, and in some patients, improvement in cosmesis. It is also a valuable tool in predicting response to and guiding contemplated muscle-tendon surgery.

Kinetic study of hydrated lime reaction with HCl.

Hydrochloride (HCl) is an acidic pollutant present in the flue gas of most municipal or hazardous waste incinerators. Hydrated lime (Ca(OH)2) is often used as a dry sorbent for injection in a spray reactor to remove HCI. However, due to the short residence time encountered, this control method has generally been found to have low conversion efficiencies which results in the high lime usage and generates large amount of fly ash as solid wastes.