Clinical case of 45,X/46,XY mosaic male with ejaculatory disorder associated with seminal vesicle dysplasia: a case report.

Introduction: 45,X/46,XY mosaicism is a rare anomaly in sexual differentiation, presenting with diverse phenotypes and often leading to infertility due to abnormal gonadal development.

Aims: This report aims to present a case study of a 45,X/46,XY mosaic male patient with an ejaculatory disorder attributed to seminal vesicle dysplasia.

Methods: In this case study, diagnostic procedures encompassed blood tests, semen analysis, chromosomal examination, and imaging studies to assess gonadal morphology.

Testicular sperm extraction for fertility preservation in young patients with cancer.

Background: Cancer survivors in the adolescent and young adult generation often experience marriage, pregnancy, and childbirth after treatment; thus, fertility preservation is very important. In male patients, testicular sperm extraction (TESE) is sometimes performed due to azoospermia. Such a procedure is called oncological TESE (onco-TESE).

Prostate ductal adenocarcinoma exhibiting a late recurrence in the anterior urethra 13 years post-total prostatectomy: a case report.

Background: Prostate ductal adenocarcinoma, a rare histology observed in 0.4-0.8% of all prostate cancers, is treated similarly to acinar adenocarcinoma but tends to have a higher likelihood of metastasis, recurrence, and poorer prognosis.

A diagnostically challenging case of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor primary to the peritoneum.

Introduction: Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors are difficult to diagnose because of the lack of specific indicators. We describe a diagnostically challenging case of an inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor primary to the peritoneum.

Case Presentation: The patient was a 25-year-old male who presented at our hospital with lower abdominal pain.

Comparison of Urinary Liver Fatty Acid Binding Protein Level and Pathologic Biopsy Findings 1 Year After Kidney Transplantation.

Background: For the early detection of abnormal findings considering for therapeutic intervention, we regularly undertake protocol renal allograft biopsy at 1 year after kidney transplantation (KT). We examined whether urinary liver fatty acid binding protein (L-FABP) level predicts some pathologic findings of renal allograft.

Methods: We retrospectively enrolled recipients with stable graft function who routinely were biopsied renal allograft specimens 1 year after KT between January 2015 and May 2021 in our center.

Transurethral laser lithotripsy using the Mitrofanoff urethral conduit for bladder stones: a case report.

Background: The Mitrofanoff (appendicovesicostomy) procedure is a contraindicated urinary modification that maintains urinary continence by forming a flap-valve mechanism at the site of anastomosis between the appendage and bladder wall, which is used as a guide for urinary drainage. This technique has been used by intermittent self-catheterization patients who have difficulty voiding from the native urethra or in cases where voiding from the abdominal wall would improve quality of life. However, the risk of stone formation is high due to intermittent urinary catheterization using the Mitrofanoff conduit urethrostomy as a conduit.

Administration of Enfortumab Vedotin after Immune-Checkpoint Inhibitor and the Prognosis in Japanese Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma: A Large Database Study on Enfortumab Vedotin in Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma.

Background: Enfortumab vedotin shows promise as a targeted therapy for advanced urothelial carcinoma, particularly in patients who have previously received platinum-based chemotherapy and an immune-checkpoint inhibitor. The EV-301 phase III trial demonstrated significantly improved overall survival and response rates compared to standard chemotherapy. However, more data, especially from larger real-world studies, are needed to further assess its effectiveness in Japanese patients.

Microsurgical varicocelectomy for intratesticular varicocele with a history of orchiopexy for undescended testis.

Introduction: We report a case series of six patients with a chief complaint of infertility who underwent microsurgical varicocelectomy for intratesticular varicocele (ITV) after undergoing orchiopexy for undescended testis in their childhood.

Case Presentation: The patients' median age was 34 years. The median age at which orchiopexy was performed was 4.

Small intestinal thrombotic microangiopathy following kidney transplantation diagnosed by balloon-assisted enteroscopy.

Thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) is a serious complication following kidney transplantation. Although intestinal TMA is a major organ injury and causes abdominal pain, diarrhea and bloody stools, the clinical and endoscopic characteristics of small intestinal TMA remain unclear. Here, we report a drug-induced small intestinal TMA, which did not meet the laboratory-defined TMA criteria but was diagnosed by balloon-assisted enteroscopy (BAE).

Pediatric bilateral ureteral stone successfully removed using single-use flexible ureteroscopy with a holmium: YAG laser.

A 12-year-old boy received steroid for his minimal change nephrotic syndrome for 10 years, and bilateral renal and ureteral stones and hydronephrosis were observed. Single-use flexible ureteroscopy is usable for pediatric lithotripsy with Ho: YAG laser.

A case of allograft ureteral stone successfully treated with antegrade ureteroscopic lithotripsy: use of a 3D-printed model to determine the ideal approach.

We present the case of a 46-year-old man who underwent successful antegrade ureteroscopy for lithiasis in his allograft ureter. At a scheduled follow-up 15 years after transplantation, computed tomography (CT) detected a 12-mm renal stone in the renal pelvis of the transplanted kidney. During his follow-up, gross hematuria was seen; the stone moved to the ureter, causing hydronephrosis.

Functional paraganglioma of the bladder: Both radiographic-negative and laboratory-negative case.

Introduction: Paraganglioma has been determined to be an extra-adrenal pheochromocytoma. Paraganglioma of the bladder is a rare entity, accounting for 0.06% of all bladder tumors.

Early assessment with F-2-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography to predict short-term outcome in clear cell renal carcinoma treated with nivolumab.

Background: We reported previously the usefulness of 18F-2-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) to predict prognosis of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) treated with molecular targeted agents. Herein we describe a preliminary research of nine patients who underwent FDG-PET/CT before and after initiation of nivolumab.

Methods: Patients with metastatic RCC who were treated by nivolumab from October 2016 to March 2017 were enrolled in this study.

Successful treatment with sorafenib for sunitinib-refractory metastatic papillary renal cell carcinoma: Potential impact of Raf overexpression on predicting the efficacy of sorafenib.

Introduction: The prognosis of type 2 papillary renal cell carcinoma is often poor. We herein report a case of papillary renal cell carcinoma with liver metastasis that was successfully treated with sorafenib as a second-line therapy.

Case Presentation: An 82-year-old man who had undergone radical nephrectomy 5 years previously experienced biopsy-proven liver metastasis.

High orchiectomy and ipsilateral testicular sperm extraction in a man with a testicular tumor and Klinefelter syndrome: A case report.

Introduction: Testicular epidermal cysts in Klinefelter syndrome are very rare. We report a case of Klinefelter syndrome associated with a testicular epidermal cyst. To our knowledge, this is the first report showing successful spermatozoa retrieval from the affected testis.

PD-1 and PD-L1 are more highly expressed in high-grade bladder cancer than in low-grade cases: PD-L1 might function as a mediator of stage progression in bladder cancer.

Background: Bladder cancers have been characterized as a tumor group in which the immunological response is relatively well preserved. Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1, B7-H1, CD274) has been shown to be expressed in several malignancies, including bladder cancer. However, the clinicopathological impact of this biomarker has not yet been established.

Long-term Survival in a Kidney Transplantation Patient With Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy: A Case Report.

Post-kidney transplantation progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a rare disease on which there are very few published reports on record. PML is a demyelinating disease caused by a destructive infection of the oligodendrocytes by the JC polyomavirus. No effective therapeutic protocol has been established other than measures to revive the immune function by reducing or discontinuing the administration of immunosuppressive agents.

A Longer History of Hemodialysis Can Lead to Sarcopenia in Renal Transplantation Patients.

Background: Sarcopenia is a condition in which the amount of skeletal muscle decreases. Recent studies have suggested that sarcopenia is a risk factor for the incidence of postoperative complications, longer hospitalization, and a poorer prognosis. In this study, we examined the impact of sarcopenia in association with a history of hemodialysis in renal transplantation patients.

Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio in Renal Transplant Patients.

Objectives: Because of recent developments in immunosuppressive therapy, renal transplant outcomes have improved. Although reports on the association between immunosuppressive therapy and malignant disease are available, the results are controversial. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio has been reported as an easy tumor marker for predicting the prognoses of some solid tumors.

BHD-associated kidney cancer exhibits unique molecular characteristics and a wide variety of variants in chromatin remodeling genes.

Birt-Hogg-Dubé (BHD) syndrome is a hereditary kidney cancer syndrome, which predisposes patients to develop kidney cancer, cutaneous fibrofolliculomas and pulmonary cysts. The responsible gene FLCN is a tumor suppressor for kidney cancer, which plays an important role in energy homeostasis through the regulation of mitochondrial oxidative metabolism. However, the process by which FLCN-deficiency leads to renal tumorigenesis is unclear.

Gastrointestinal cancer and bilateral hydronephrosis resulted in a high risk of ureteral stent failure.

Background: Urologists frequently encounter malignant ureteral obstruction (MUO) caused by advanced urological or non-urological malignant disease, but the treatment policy is unclear. The present study examined the risk factors for predicting ureteral stent failure in patients with MUO after ureteral stent insertion and the change in the renal function after retrograde ureteral stent insertion in cases of bilateral hydronephrosis.

Methods: A total of 39 patients who required ureteral stent placement for MUO at Yokohama City University Medical Center (Yokohama, Japan) between February 2007 and May 2016 were included in this study.

Adrenal Hemangioma: A Case of Retroperitoneal Tumor.

Introduction: Adrenal hemangioma is a rare disease, with only some 60 cases reported previously. Due to the difficulty of the preoperative diagnosis of adrenal hemangioma, almost all of the cases were diagnosed by a histopathological analysis of surgical specimens.

Case Presentation: A 52-year-old man was referred to our department for further examination of his left retroperitoneal tumor.

FDG PET/CT after first molecular targeted therapy predicts survival of patients with renal cell carcinoma.

Purpose: We investigated prospectively whether F-2-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG PET/CT) can predict the overall survival (OS) of patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) previously treated by molecular targeted therapies.

Methods: Between 2009 and 2016, 81 patients who had received single molecular targeted therapies (43 sorafenib, 27 sunitinib, 8 temsirolimus and others) and were scheduled for second line molecular targeted therapies for advanced RCC were enrolled in this prospective study. FDG PET/CT was performed after first line molecular targeted therapies, the max SUVmax (highest standardized uptake value for each patient) recorded, and its association with OS compared with those of known risk factors.