Components/Secretions Synergistically Enhance Pneumonia Caused by in Mice.

is an important causative organism of respiratory tract infections. Although periodontal bacteria have been shown to influence respiratory infections such as aspiration pneumonia, the synergistic effect of and , a periodontopathic bacterium, on pneumococcal infections is unclear. To investigate whether accelerates pneumococcal infections, we tested the effects of inoculating culture supernatant (PgSup) into -infected mice.

Mfa1 Induces Chemokine and Cell Adhesion Molecules in Mouse Gingival Fibroblasts via Toll-Like Receptors.

Mfa1 fimbriae are thought to act as adhesion factors and to direct periodontal tissue destruction but their immunomodulatory actions are poorly understood. Here, we investigated the effect of Mfa1 stimulation on the immune and metabolic mechanisms of gingival fibroblasts from periodontal connective tissue. We also determined the role of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and TLR4 in Mfa1 recognition.

IL-35 and RANKL Synergistically Induce Osteoclastogenesis in RAW264 Mouse Monocytic Cells.

Interleukin (IL)-35 is an immunosuppressive cytokine mainly produced by regulatory T cells. IL-35 mediates immunological functions by suppressing the inflammatory immune response. However, the role of IL-35 in bone-destructive diseases remains unclear, especially in terms of osteoclastogenesis.