Effects of Blockage of Peripheral Choline, Serotonin, and Dopamine Receptors on Heart Rhythm Variability in Rats under Conditions of Stimulation of Neurotransmitter Systems.

Stimulation of the serotoninergic system (5-hydroxytryptophan, 50 mg/kg; fluoxetine, 3 mg/kg) induced a significant increase in HR and a reduction in the amplitude of all waves of the heart rhythm variability. Stimulation of the dopaminergic system (L-DOPA and amantadine, 20 mg/kg each) resulted in a moderate increase in HR and amplitudes of low-frequency (LF) and very-low-frequency (VLF) waves of the heart rhythm variability. Successive blockade of nicotinic (hexamethonium, 7 mg/kg) and muscarinic cholinergic receptors (atropine, 1 mg/kg) leads to a significant decrease in the variability of cardiointervals (almost to complete levelling) both under control conditions and after stimulation of the neurotransmitter systems.

[Effects of cytoflavin on neuronal apoptotic processes in the murine cerebral cortex on a model of physiologicaland pathological aging].

Unlabelled: Involutional changes in the cerebral cortex substantially affect the activity of the cortex itself and the function of target organs. This necessitates pharmacological correction of age-related diseases, primarily a high level of cell death.

Objective: To investigate the role of cytoflavin in mechanisms for the apoptotic regulation of cerebral cortical cells during physiological and pathological aging (in the presence of HER-2/neu overexpression).

Effect of Atropine on Adrenergic Responsiveness of Erythrocyte and Heart Rhythm Variability in Outbred Rats with Stimulation of the Central Neurotransmitter Systems.

Single injection of muscarinic cholinoceptor blocker atropine (1 mg/kg) to outbred male rats reduced β-adrenergic responsiveness of erythrocytes (by 2.2 times) and the content of epinephrine granules on erythrocytes (by 1.5 times), significantly increased HR and rigidity of the heart rhythm, and manifold decreased the power of all spectral components of heart rhythm variability.

Effect of Noradrenergic Neurotoxin DSP-4 and Maprotiline on Heart Rate Spectral Components in Stressed and Resting Rats.

The effects of intraperitoneal DSP-4 (N-(2-chloroethyl)-N-ethyl-2-bromobenzylamine, a noradrenergic neurotoxin) and maprotiline (an inhibitor of norepinephrine reuptake in synapses) on spectral components of heart rhythm variability were examined in outbred male and female rats treated with these agents in daily doses of 10 mg/kg for 3 days. At rest, DSP-4 elevated LF and VLF spectral components in male and female rats. Maprotiline elevated LF and VLF components in males at rest, increased HR and reduced all spectral components in resting females.

Effect of Stimulation of Neurotransmitter Systems on Heart Rate Variability and β-Adrenergic Responsiveness of Erythrocytes in Outbred Rats.

We studied heart rate variability and β-adrenergic responsiveness of erythrocytes and changes in these parameters in response to single administration of β-adrenoblocker propranolol (2 mg/kg) in outbred male rats against the background of activation of the noradrenergic, serotonergic, and dopaminergic neurotransmitter systems achieved by 4-fold injections maprotiline (10 mg/kg), 5-hydroxytryptophan (50 mg/kg) combined with fluoxetine (3 mg/kg), and L-DOPA (20 mg/kg) with amantadine (20 mg/kg), respectively. Stimulation of the noradrenergic system moderately enhanced the heart rhythm rigidity and β-adrenergic responsiveness of erythrocytes. In addition, it markedly augmented the moderating effect of subsequently administered propranolol on LF and VLF components in the heart rate variability and reversed the effect of propranolol on β-adrenergic responsiveness of erythrocytes.

Heart Rate Variability in Nonlinear Rats with Different Orientation and Exploratory Activity in the Open Field.

The basic behavioral activity of nonlinear rats was evaluated from the sum of crossed peripheral and central squares and peripheral and central rearing postures in the open fi eld test. This index was low (<20 episodes), intermediate (20-29 episodes), or high (>30 episodes). Male rats with high score of orientation and exploratory activity were characterized by higher indexes of total heart rate variability than rats with low or intermediate activity.

[Comparative experimental study of the influence of drugs that improve brain metabolism (angiogen, cytoflavin) on neuronal apoptosis and function of cerebral cortex during aging].

The safety of cortical neurons and their functional activity is essential for organism at all stages of ontogenesis. However, aging changes leading to an increase in apoptosis level may cause considerable damage to cerebral cortex function, including sensorimotor. We have studied the role of exogenous neurometabolites (angiogen, cytoflavin) in apoptosis regulation and correction of age-related motor and behavioral disturbances.

Pathways of apoptosis regulation in hepatocytes induced by first-line antitubercular drugs.

We studied pathways of apoptosis regulation during experimental hepatopathy caused by treatment with antitubercular drugs and involvement of some hepatoprotectors and immunomodulators in the regulation of hepatocyte apoptosis induced by antitubercular drugs. The intensity of apoptosis and expression of apoptosis-associated molecules were evaluated. It was shown that antitubercular drugs induce apoptosis in hepatocytes by triggering external signaling pathway and p53-dependent signaling pathway and simultaneously reducing the level of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein.

Age- and sex-related changes in heart rate variability under conditions of blockade or stimulation of peripheral adrenoceptor in outbred rats.

Changes in heart rhythm variability were studied in male and female mature and 5-6-week-old rats under conditions of 7-day administration of β1-adrenoreceptor blocker atenolol (2.5 mg/kg) and α1-adrenoreceptor agonist phenylephrine (0.3 mg/kg).

[Role of hepatoprotectors and immunomodulators in regulation of hepatocyte apoptosis induced by antituberculosis treatment].

Unlabelled: It was currently shown that hepatopathy due to drug toxicity is associated with increased apoptosis of hepatocytes. Therefore, development of drugs which regulate cell death is of great importance.

Aim: To involve some hepatoprotectors (ademethionine, reamberin, remaxol) and immunomodulators (cycloferon) into regulation of apoptosis in experimental models of liver first-line antituberculousis drugs (isoniazid, rifampicin, pyraztinamide).

[Mechanism of hepatocyte apoptosis in experimental toxic liver injury].

One of the causes of drug hepatopathy is hepatocyte apoptosis, the mechanisms of which are still unclear. The experiments were performed in 24 Wistar rats to study the role of hepatoprotectors in the regulation of hepatocyte apoptosis in liver damage induced by administration of antituberculosis drugs (ATD). The level of apoptosis (TUNEL) was evaluated, and the expression of apoptosis-associated molecules was detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting.

Psychoimmunomodulatory effect of phenotropil in animals with immune stress.

We studied the effect of phenotropil (25 mg/kg intraperitoneally, 5 days) on the immune and psychoemotional state of Wistar rats with LPS-induced immune stress. Hyperactivity of the immune system in animals after treatment with Pseudomonas aeruginosa LPS (100 μg/kg intraperitoneally, 3 days) manifested in a significant increase in the delayed-type hypersensitivity index, antibody titer in the reaction of passive hemagglutination, and phagocytic activity of peripheral blood neutrophils. Locomotor, orientation, and exploratory activities were reduced, while anxiety increased in animals with immune stress.

[Influence the water deprivation and alpha-tocopheroli acetates on the expression of apoptosis regulator proteins].

We revealed ontogenetic features in apoptosis level, apoptosis signal proteins expression, antioxidant (alpha-tocoferoli acetate) effects in neurons of magnocellular hypothalamic centers of BALB-c mice. It was obtained that water deprivation stress leads to apoptosis initiation of neurons in both age groups. Stress-protected action of alpha-tocoferoli acetate was more significantly in young mice compared to old ones.

[Phenotropyl succinate as the means for correction of neuroimmune disturbances under conditions of informational-physical stress].

In Wistar rats, psycho-immune-modulating properties of phenotropyl succinate were studied under conditions of informational-physical stress. The effect ofphenotropyl succinate on the organism specific and unspecific resistance was studied. The data obtained indicate the phenotropyl succinate ability to release neuroimmune disturbances developing under conditions of informational-physical stress.

[Age and sex features of antioxidation protection and free-radical processes in white rats brain].

With the years, the activity of antioxidation enzymes and speeds of its free-radical oxidation in different molecules changes. These changes depend also on an animal sex. The brain tissue is especially subjects to oxidising destruction and has the features of antioxidation protection.

[Immune-regulating effect of phenibut under lipopolysaccharide-induced immune stress conditions].

The immunoregulating effect of phenibut has been demonstrated on the model of immune stress caused by the injection of lipopolysaccharide from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The degree of expression of the specific (in a delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction and passive hemagglutination) and nonspecific (phagocytic activity of neutrophils) links of immunomodulation was studied. The formation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced immune stress is characterized by the increase of the indicated parameters of immunity.

[Changes in the psycho-emotional state under conditions of suppressed immunogenesis, the correction of the disorders with GABA-positive means].

Behaviour and immune responses of rats and mice following cyclophosphamide administration were investigated. The psycho-immunomodulating effect of the GABAergic compounds was revealed. Phenibut (25 mg/kg) and Baclophen (10 mg/kg) restored functional activity of immune system and corrected disturbances of the behavioural responses.

Cluster analysis of extracardiac control of the heart rate in random-bred albino rats at rest.

Heart rate variability was examined in random-bred albino rats at rest. The rats were clusterized according to activity of autonomic contour of heart rate control. Combination of factor and cluster analyses enhanced informative value of spectrum parameters of the heart rate variability in nonlinear rats grouped by initial neurovegetative status.

[Age- and sex-related differences of neuroendocrine center reactions in the hypothalamus on preparation thymalin and alpha-tocopherol acetate].

In experiment the action of Thymalin, alpha-tocopherol and stress on the centers of hypothalamus related to the regulation of the gonadotropic function has been investigated and the age-specific features of such influence as well. The results of experiments indicate the presence of neuron's reaction of the rostra preoptical area and arcuate nucleus for experimental influences. As a stress exposure and alpha-tocopherol injection to the young animals a reduction of neuron's kernels of the arcuate nucleus was observed, a sexual distinction wasn't revealed in the process.

[Morphofunctional status of gonadotropic cells of the adenohypophysis at early stages of age involution].

Action of alpha-tocopherol, emoxipinum on functional status of gonadotropic cells was investigated at deficiency of sexual hormones in male and female rats of Wistar line. The alpha-tocopherol slows down aging of gonadotropic cells after gonadectomy.

[Age, structural and biochemical characteristics of endometrial secretion in patients with hysteromyoma].

In the given work clinical and laboratory data of 549 patients of different age groups have been analyzed and tested; 194 (35.3%) of them were in reproductive age, 217 (39.5%) in premenopausal age, 138 (25.

[Characteristics of post-stress changes of lipid peroxidation and stress-limited effects of alpha-tocopherol in liver and serum of infant and old rats].

The process of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and the effects of alpha-tocopherol were studied in the liver and blood serum of albino male rats under acute immobilization stress. The results of the research show tissue and age specific responses of LPO in the intact and stressed animals. Pretreatment of animals with alpha-tocopherol decreased accumulation of LPO products especially in the liver.

Apoptosis of hypothalamic neurosecretory cells in stress mice at different stages of ontogenesis.

The aim of the present work was to identify the role of cycloferon in the apoptosis of cells in the neurosecretory centers of the hypothalamus in young and old mice in conditions of immobilization stress. Apoptotic cells were identified by staining with ethidium bromide. The optical density of the detection product of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 was also studied in cells of the supraoptic and paraventricular (PVN) nuclei.

[Hypothalamic neurosecretory cell apoptosis during stress in mice at different stages of ontogenesis].

The aim of this work was to detect the participation of cycloferon in apoptosis control of cells of hypothalamic neurosecretory centers in young and old mice subjected to immobilization stress. Apoptotic cells were detected using ethidium bromide staining. Optic density of antiapoptotic Bcl-2 protein was determined in the immunoreactive cells of supraoptic and paraventricular nucleus (PVN).