Primitive neuroectodermal tumor of the myocardium: a case report, review of the literature, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural study.

We report the case of a primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) arising in the heart of a 63-year-old man. The neuroectodermal nature of this tumor was confirmed by the immunohistochemical positivity for O13 (CD99) (the P30/32MIC2 gene product) neuron specific enolase (monoclonal and polyclonal), synaptophysin and vimentin. Other markers, such as actin, desmin, myoglobin, chromogranin, keratin, and leukocyte common antigen were negative.

Cervical smears prepared by an automated device versus the conventional method. A comparative analysis.

An automated, fluid-based method for the preparation of cervical Papanicolaou smears/slides was compared to the conventional Papanicolaou smear (CPS) method used for the screening of neoplasia. We determined diagnostic agreement and sources of error for diagnostic disagreement. For 665 patients, one cervical sample was collected to make one CPS.

Automated Speech-recognition Anatomic Pathology (ASAP) reporting.

Artificial intelligence speech-recognizers integrated with Laboratory information and Telefaxcommunication Systems have allowed for totally automated surgical pathology reporting. Automated Speech-Recognition Anatomic Pathology (ASAP) reporting improves the speed, text accuracy, comprehensiveness, and workflow management of diagnostic reports while eliminating support personnel. Healthcare reform goals of increased productivity and economy are furthered.

The number of CD1a+ large low-density cells with dendritic cell features is increased in the peripheral blood of HIV+ patients.

Employing a discontinuous Percoll gradient following Ficoll-Hypaque separation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from normal subjects (n = 14) and patients with HIV-1 infection (n = 50), we separated a population of low-density cells consisting of monocytoid cells, lymphocytes, and some granulocytes. In cytospin preparations, less than 5% of the monocytoid cells were positive for nonspecific esterase and CD14. However, CD1a was positive in 5-20% of these cells.

Expression of cell adhesion molecules associated with germinal center in Hodgkin's disease: an immunohistochemical study. The germinal center related complex and histologic subtypes.

Background: Of the four elements known to be associated with germinal center formation--B-cells, follicular dendritic cells, T-cells, and the cell adhesion molecules--the first three have been well studied in Hodgkin's disease, especially the nodular lymphocytic predominance subtype, established as a tumor of germinal center origin. However, no study has been done on the expression of the cell adhesion molecules associated with germinal center formation in Hodgkin's disease.

Methods: Using the avidin-biodin peroxidase complex method, we studied the staining patterns for CD11a (lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1), CD54 (intercellular cell adhesion molecule 1), and very late antigen 4 (VLA-4) in frozen sections from 24 cases of Hodgkin's disease, along with those for follicular dendritic cell and cell surface markers for lymphocytes.

Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) staining of reactive and neoplastic follicles. ICAM-1 expression of neoplastic follicle differs from that of reactive germinal center and is independent of follicular dendritic cells.

Background: Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) is expressed on follicular dendritic cells (FDC), and the ICAM-1/LFA-1 pathway is essential for affinity selection of activated B-cells in germinal centers (GC). The expression of ICAM-1 has been studied by immunostaining methods in GC, but not in neoplastic follicles (NF).

Methods: The authors studied the expression of ICAM-1 by the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex (ABC) method with frozen sections in GC of reactive nodes (n = 22) and NF of follicular lymphomas (n = 19), in comparison with FDC staining.

A comparative study of DNA ploidy in 115 fresh-frozen breast carcinomas by image analysis versus flow cytometry.

Background: Qualitative and quantitative analysis of cellular DNA content may be clinically useful in the prognostic evaluation of certain types of malignant tumors, including breast carcinoma. Flow cytometric (FCM) analysis has been the most frequently used procedure for DNA analysis, but it requires a reasonably large tissue sample. Computer-based image analysis (IA) now allows imprint, cytospin, and needle aspiration smear preparations and other small tissue samples to be used.

The Lewis X antigen. A new paraffin section marker for Reed-Sternberg cells.

Using a monoclonal antibody specific to the Lewis X antigen (anti-Lex), the authors studied 103 cases of Hodgkin's disease (HD) in comparison with 57 cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL); three cases of granulocytic sarcoma (GS); two cases of malignant histiocytosis (MH); one case of monoblastic leukemia (ML); one case of interdigitating reticulum cell sarcoma (IRCS); six cases of histiocytosis X (HX); one case of reticulohistiocytoma (RH); 44 various reactive conditions of the lymph node (LN). Reed-Sternberg and related (R-S) cells stained selectively in 80 of 92 cases of HD (87.0%), excluding 11 cases of lymphocyte predominance type.

Individual human tumors in short-term micro-organ cultures: chemosensitivity testing by fluorescent cytoprinting.

Using innovative approaches, we addressed several problems often associated with in vitro chemosensitivity testing of individual human tumors: 1) obtaining a high rate of evaluability; 2) excluding participation of nonmalignant stromal and vascular components usually present in tumor specimens; 3) preserving cell-to-cell interactions present in the original tumor; 4) assessing drug-induced cytotoxicity without sacrificing the tumor culture. To circumvent these problems, tumor specimens were processed as follows: i) tissue (fresh or cryopreserved) was mechanically or enzymatically dissociated under mild conditions into cellular clusters (termed micro-organs); ii) large micro-organs were separated by a brief decantation, resuspended, and then exposed to fluorescein acetate to visualize (under naked eye) viable micro-organs; iii) fluorescent (i.e.

Effects of antiplatelet drugs on pulmonary responses to thrombin in anesthetized rabbits.

Platelet aggregation and fibrin deposition in the pulmonary circulation may contribute to the pathogenesis of lung injury in the adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). We evaluated the effect of two antiplatelet drugs (forskolin & dipyridamole) on pulmonary responses to intravenous infusion of 100 NIH units of thrombin per kg bw in anesthetized, and ventilated rabbits treated with fibrinolysis inhibitor. Thrombin infusion resulted in pulmonary hypertension and increased arterial CO2 tension (PaCO2) and dead space ventilation (VD/VT).

Interaction of thromboxane A2 and tissue pathology during graded bacteremia.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not thromboxane A2 (TXA2) was necessary or sufficient for the development of end-organ pathology during graded bacteremia. Pulmonary artery catheters were placed in 21 adult male pigs under pentobarbital anesthesia and breathing room air. After a control period, animals were studied in four groups: Group 1, anesthesia only; Group 2, infusion of 1 X 10(9) ml Aeromonas hydrophila which was gradually increased from 0.

Nontraumatic fat embolization. A rare cause of new pulmonary infiltrates in an immunocompromised patient.

Diffuse pulmonary infiltrates and hypoxemia are common in immunocompromised patients. We describe a patient with lymphoma who developed hypoxemia and diffuse pulmonary infiltrates during treatment with corticosteroids. Open lung biopsy and postmortem examination indicated that the cause of the infiltrates was nontraumatic fat embolization (NTFE).

Consecutive repair of complex congenital heart disease using hypothermic cardioplegic arrest--its results and ultrastructural study of the myocardium.

Cold potassium cardioplegia was used in 78 consecutive patients undergoing correction of complex congenital heart disease between 1977 and 1982. Ages ranged from 4 weeks to 21 years (mean 6.7 years).

Lung function and structure after Escherichia coli endotoxin in rabbits: effect of dose and rate of administration.

We evaluated the effect of increasing doses of Escherichia coli endotoxin and its rate of administration on systemic blood pressure, alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient (A- aDO2 1.0), dynamic compliance (Cdyn), circulating platelets and leukocytes, and postmortem bloodless wet to dry ratios in anesthetized rabbits. Infusion of endotoxin resulted in systemic hypotension, diminished Cdyn, thrombocytopenia, and leukopenia, but did not influence venous admixture.

Parathyroid surgery: the role of chief cell intracellular fat staining with osmium carmine in the intraoperative management of patients with primary hyperparathyroidism.

The surgeon's gross evaluation, the hematoxylin and eosin stain, which assesses extracellular fat, and a new intracellular fat stain, osmium carmine, were comparatively evaluated in 30 consecutive patients who underwent surgery for primary hyperparathyroidism. The surgeon's gross judgment of enlarged and normal parathyroid tissue resulted in the correct functional assessment in 98% and 97% of the glands, respectively. The surgeon's functional assessment was correct in seven of 10 parathyroid glands that were considered by gross examination to be slightly enlarged (50 to 80 mg).

Electrolyte versus blood cardioplegia: randomized clinical and myocardial ultrastructural study.

In 40 consecutive patients undergoing coronary artery bypass, one of two solutions for cardioplegia, each containing 30 mEq/L of K+ was used randomly. The groups were comparable except for intramyocardial temperature. With electrolyte solution (Group A), it was 16.

Evaluation of methylene blue and squamous epithelial cells as oropharyngeal markers: a means of identifying oropharyngeal contamination during transtracheal aspiration.

The usefulness of 1% methylene blue (MB) and squamous epithelial cells as oropharyngeal markers in transtracheal aspiration was prospectively evaluated. In vitro studies showed that failure to detect MB by spectrophotometry ruled out contamination by greater than 0.05 microliters of oropharyngeal secretions and that visual inspection was almost as sensitive as spectrophotometry.

Occupational lung disease.

Occupational lung diseases can be conveniently classified into disorders of the airways, the alveoli, and the lung interstitium. Diseases of each category have a distinct clinical and pathologic presentation despite diverse causes.

The core pathobiology and integrated medical science of adult acute respiratory insufficiency.

The straightforward core pathobiologic facts needed for the clinician's basic understanding of the clinical course and pathophysiology of progressive acute respiratory insufficiency (ARI) seen in surgical practice are summarized in the opening paragraphs. The remainder of the article provides the detailed evidence for elucidating the morphogenesis, i.e.