Background: Esophageal varices, dilated submucosal veins in the lower esophagus, are commonly associated with portal hypertension, particularly due to liver cirrhosis. The high morbidity and mortality linked to variceal hemorrhage underscore the need for accurate diagnosis and effective management. The traditional method of assessing esophageal varices is esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD), which, despite its diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities, presents limitations such as interobserver variability and invasiveness.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTo develop a deep learning model for esophageal motility disorder diagnosis using high-resolution manometry images with the aid of Gemini. Gemini assisted in developing this model by aiding in code writing, preprocessing, model optimization, and troubleshooting. The model demonstrated an overall precision of 0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF: The threshold for ineffective esophageal motility (IEM) diagnosis was changed in Chicago v4.0. Our aim was to determine IEM prevalence using the new criteria and the differences between patients with definite IEM versus "inconclusive diagnosis".
View Article and Find Full Text PDF(1) : Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are commonly prescribed for gastric disorders. In patients with liver cirrhosis, PPI use is associated with an increased risk of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and increased mortality rates; therefore, they should be used with caution. This study aims to evaluate the appropriateness of PPI prescriptions in hospitalized cirrhotic patients against current clinical guidelines to identify patterns of misuse and guide better prescribing practices.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-C) is a common gastrointestinal disorder characterized by abdominal pain and altered bowel habits. Conventional treatments for IBS-C often provide limited efficiency, leading to an increasing interest in exploring herbal remedies. This systematic review aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of herbal remedies in the management of IBS-C.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic gastrointestinal disorder characterized by abdominal pain, bloating, and changes in bowel habits. Various dietary factors have been implicated in the pathogenesis and management of IBS symptoms. This systematic review aims to evaluate the effects of polyphenols, minerals, fibers, and fruits on the symptoms and overall well-being of individuals with IBS.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a primary tumor of the liver. The majority of HCCs are associated most frequently with chronic B or C viral hepatitis, alcohol intake or aflatoxin exposure. Cirrhosis is a strong risk factor associated with HCC.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: Adipose tissue plays an important role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory conditions. The role of adipokines in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been evaluated in the current literature with conflicting results. The aim of this study was to evaluate adiponectin levels in IBD patients, including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), compared to controls, as well as further subgroup analyses.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Gastrointestin Liver Dis
April 2023
Various environmental factors affecting the human microbiota may lead to gut microbial imbalance and to the development of pathologies. Alterations of gut microbiota have been firmly implicated in digestive diseases such as hepatic encephalopathy, irritable bowel syndrome and diverticular disease. However, while these three conditions may all be related to dysfunction of the gut-liver-brain axis, the precise pathophysiology appears to differ somewhat for each.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAchalasia is an esophageal motor disorder that is rare in children. While the condition is uncommon, it is especially difficult to diagnose in pediatric patients; however, the ability to form a diagnosis has progressed markedly with the advent of esophageal high-resolution manometry (HRM). The aim of the present study was to highlight particularities of the diagnosis, based on esophageal HRM, as well as the treatment of achalasia in children.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground And Aims: High-resolution esophageal manometry (HREM) is the gold standard procedure used for the diagnosis of esophageal motility disorders (EMD). Artificial intelligence (AI) might provide an efficient solution for the automatic diagnosis of EMD by improving the subjective interpretation of HREM images. The aim of our study was to develop an AI-based system, using neural networks, for the automatic diagnosis of HREM images, based on one wet swallow raw image.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe goal of this paper is to provide a Machine Learning-based solution that can be utilized to automate the Chicago Classification algorithm, the state-of-the-art scheme for esophageal motility disease identification. First, the photos were preprocessed by locating the area of interest-the precise instant of swallowing. After resizing and rescaling the photos, they were utilized as input for the Deep Learning models.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFunctional dyspepsia represents one of the most common and prevalent disorders of the brain-gut interaction, with a large number of widespread risk factors being identified. With an intricate pathogenesis and symptomatology, it heavily impacts the quality of life and, due to the limited efficacy of traditional pharmacological agents, patients are likely to seek other medical and non-medical solutions to their problem. Over the last few years, significant research in this domain has emphasized the importance of various psychological therapies and nutritional recommendations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBelching is defined as an audible escape of air from the esophagus or the stomach into the pharynx. It becomes pathologic if it is excessive and becomes bothersome. According to Rome IV diagnostic criteria, there is a belching disorder when one experiences bothersome belching (severe enough to impact on usual activities) more than 3 days a week.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground And Aims: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common condition present in daily practice with a wide range of clinical phenotypes. In this line, respiratory conditions may be associated with GERD. The Romanian Societies of Gastroenterology and Neurogastroenterology, in association with the Romanian Society of Pneumology, aimed to create a guideline regarding the epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment of respiratory conditions associated with GERD.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHigh-resolution esophageal manometry is used for the study of esophageal motility disorders, with the help of catheters with up to 36 sensors. Color pressure topography plots are generated and analyzed and using the Chicago algorithm a final diagnosis is established. One of the main parameters in this algorithm is integrated relaxation pressure (IRP).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRecent data suggest that the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection in Romania has been declining in the last 30 years. However, there are no studies regarding HP prevalence among medical students. The objectives of this study were to estimate the prevalence of HP infection and assess the prevalence of dyspepsia in medical students and the relationship between dyspepsia and infection.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEosinophilic esophagitis is a chronic condition that can affect any age, with an increasing prevalence in the last years. Esophageal symptoms are accompanied by normal endoscopic findings or changes suggestive for the disease, like rings, furrows, exudates, or strictures. The definitive diagnosis is based on esophageal biopsies, with identification of at least 15 eosinophils/high power field.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCurr Opin Gastroenterol
March 2021
Purpose Of Review: The review examines the latest research on the use of dietary interventions in the management of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in order to understand what is the evidence supporting the efficacy of a dietary approach in this disorder.
Recent Findings: A general dietary advice should be offered to all IBS patients. Psyllium supplementation is recommended in IBS with both constipation and diarrhea predominance.
Background And Aims: The three manometric patterns of achalasia are considered by some authors as different stages in the evolution of the same disorder. The aims of our study were to characterize patients with achalasia, in order to find key differences supporting the idea of progression from one type to the other, and to assess the clinical evolution in time.
Methods: From 280 high resolution esophageal manometry recordings we selected unique patients with achalasia.
J Gastrointestin Liver Dis
September 2020
Background And Aims: Achalasia is an esophageal motility disorder with many available therapies. Peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) is a therapeutic alternative to surgical myotomy, harboring significant potential short term advantages. Our aim was to analyze a single-series POEM's learning curve, safety and efficiency over short, medium and long-terms in an East European Center.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Gastrointestin Liver Dis
March 2020
Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is an eosinophil-rich, Th2 antigen-mediated disease of increasing worldwide prevalence. Originally considered common in children and young adults, it can be seen at any age, with the highest prevalence between 30 and 40 years. Symptoms reflect esophageal dysfunction, and typical endoscopic pictures consist of rings, furrows, exudates and edema.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Gastrointestin Liver Dis
December 2019
Background And Aims: Anger has been linked to irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), but the mechanism underlying this relationship is still unknown. This cross-sectional study explores the possibility that anger mediates the relationship between pain severity and depression in IBS patients.
Methods: The sample included 70 consecutively evaluated patients who met Rome III criteria for IBS diagnosis and 55 healthy controls.