The VALUE of antibiotic stewardship for companion animals: Understanding appropriate antibiotic prescribing for pet cats and dogs in veterinary clinics in Singapore.

Background: Understanding the factors influencing antibiotic prescribing for pets can inform future interventions to prevent development and spillover of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) from pets to other animals, humans and the wider environment.

Material And Methods: We conducted interviews with 19 veterinarians (January-July 2022) to explore factors influencing antibiotic prescribing for cats and dogs. Thematic analysis was performed using a VALUE model and themes were segmented by consultation touchpoints.

Pet Owners' Knowledge of Antibiotic Use and Antimicrobial Resistance and Their Antibiotic Practices: Comparison Between Contexts of Self and Pet.

: This study aimed to compare pet owners' knowledge of antibiotic use, understanding of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and antibiotic practices for themselves and their pets to guide behavioral interventions to reduce AMR. : A cross-sectional study conducted between March 2023 and December 2023 involved 1080 pet owners recruited from 16 veterinary clinics in Singapore. An anonymous self-administered survey assessed the participants' knowledge of antibiotic use and AMR as well as their adherence to recommended antibiotic practices for themselves and their pets.

Expectation of antibiotics amongst owners of dogs and/or cats during non-routine visits to veterinary clinics in Singapore: a cross-sectional study.

Objectives: The present study aimed to assess the factors associated with pet owners' expectations for receiving antibiotics for their pet dogs and/or cats and the factors associated with pets (dogs and/or cats) receiving antibiotics during non-routine veterinary clinic consultations in Singapore.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on consenting pet owners who attended 16 veterinary clinics in Singapore, between March and December 2023. An online survey measured participants' knowledge of antibiotic use, prior antibiotic use experience, expectation for antibiotics and receipt of antibiotics during the last non-routine clinic consultation for their pets.

Bat IFITM3 restriction depends on S-palmitoylation and a polymorphic site within the CD225 domain.

Host interferon-induced transmembrane proteins (IFITMs) are broad-spectrum antiviral restriction factors. Of these, IFITM3 potently inhibits viruses that enter cells through acidic endosomes, many of which are zoonotic and emerging viruses with bats (order Chiroptera) as their natural hosts. We previously demonstrated that microbat IFITM3 is antiviral.