A comparison of the four healthy days measures (HRQOL-4) with a single measure of self-rated general health in a population-based health survey in New York City.

Background: Data on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) can be used to track health disparities, assess the impact of chronic diseases, and predict mortality. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's "Healthy Days Measures" (HRQOL-4) assesses four key domains: self-rated general health, physical health, mental health, and activity limitations. The domains are not easily combined to summarize overall HRQOL, and some evidence suggests that self-rated general health may be an adequate proxy indicator for overall HRQOL.

Demographic and psychological moderators of the relationship between neighborhood cigarette advertising and current smoking in New York City.

Background: Tobacco advertising in retailers influences smoking, but little research has examined how this relationship differs among population subgroups. This study merged data on neighborhood cigarette advertising with geocoded survey data to assess the association between advertising prevalence and current smoking among New York City (NYC) residents, and whether demographic and psychological characteristics moderate this relationship.

Methods: Audit data from a stratified, random sample of 796 NYC tobacco retailers generated neighborhood prevalence estimates of cigarette advertising, which were linked with unweighted 2017 NYC Community Health Survey data (n = 7837 adult respondents with residential geocodes).