Recent progress, trends, and new challenges in the electrochemical production of green hydrogen coupled to selective electrooxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF).

The production of clean electrical energy and the correct use of waste materials are two topics that currently concern humanity. In order to face both problems, extensive work has been done on the electrolytic production of green H coupled with the electrooxidative upgrading of biomass platform molecules. 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is obtained from forest waste biomass and can be selectively oxidized to 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) by electrochemical pathways.

Evolution of physical-chemical parameters, microbial diversity and VOC emissions of olive oil mill waste exposed to ambient conditions in open reservoirs.

In the olive oil extraction process, 20% olive oil is obtained. About 80% corresponds to waste, mainly alperujo and orujo. When these residues are stored in open reservoirs for later stabilization or potential reuse, odorous Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) are generated as products of waste decomposition.

Prediction of 94mTc production for positron emission tomography studies using the Monte Carlo code MCNPX-2.6.

In this study, a Monte Carlo code was used to simulate a proton beam flux to calculate the (94m)Tc production yield from the (94)Mo(p,n)(94m)Tc reaction. An experimental yield of 3.465 GBq/μAh was measured for 48 min of irradiation at 1μA.

Dosimetric comparison between three dimensional treatment planning system, Monte Carlo simulation and gel dosimetry in nasopharynx phantom for high dose rate brachytherapy.

Purpose: For the treatment of nasopharnx carcinoma (NPC) using brachytherapy methods and high-energy photon sources are common techniques. In the common three dimensional (3D) treatments planning, all of the computed tomography images are assumed homogeneous. This study presents the results of Monte Carlo calculations for non-homogeneous nasopharynx phantom, MAGICA normoxic gel dosimetry and 3D treatment planning system (TPS).

Simulation and measurement of characteristics of MICROMEGAS gaseous detectors.

MICROMEGAS detectors have been developed for the detection and tracking of charged and neutral particles. The control parameters of MICROMEGAS include materials, the type of gases, the mixing ratio of gases and the geometry. Simulations of MICROMEGAS are conducted to optimize the characteristics and performance with respect to the nature of the gas mixture, applied voltages of drift and amplification regions.

Prediction of 67Ga production using the Monte Carlo code MCNPX.

The widely used Monte Carlo simulation code Monte Carlo N-Particle System (MCNPX) has been utilized to simulate the production of (67)Gallium via multiple nuclear reaction channels. Based on the MCNPX-generated, energy-dependent proton flux within a Zn target during irradiation, the (67)Ga production yield was determined. Theoretical calculations of the production yield using the stopping power from the SRIM (stopping and range of ions in matter) code were compared to the measurements from the MCNPX code.

Monte Carlo simulations and radiation dosimetry measurements of 142Pr capillary tube-based radioactive implant (CTRI): a new structure for brachytherapy sources.

Objective: Previously, a promising β(-)-emitting praseodymium-142 glass seed was proposed for brachytherapy of prostate cancer. In accordance with the previous study, a (142)Pr capillary tube-based radioactive implant (CTRI) was suggested as a source with a new structure to enhance application of β(-)-emitting radioisotopes such as (142)Pr in brachytherapy.

Methods: Praseodymium oxide powder was encapsulated in a glass capillary tube.

Preparation of radioactive praseodymium oxide as a multifunctional agent in nuclear medicine: expanding the horizons of cancer therapy using nanosized neodymium oxide.

Objective: Many studies have attempted to assess the significance of the use of the β(-)particle emitter praseodymium-142 ((142)Pr) in cancer treatment. As praseodymium oxide (Pr(2)O(3)) powder is not water soluble, it was dissolved in HCl solution and the resultant solution had to be pH adjusted to be in an injectable radiopharmaceutical form. Moreover, it was shown that the nanosized neodymium oxide (Nd(2)O(3)) induced massive vacuolization and cell death in non-small-cell lung cancer.

Scope of nanotechnology-based radiation therapy and thermotherapy methods in cancer treatment.

The main aim of nanomedicine is to revolutionize the health care system and find effective approaches to fighting fatal diseases. Therapeutic beams, which are employed in radiation therapy, do not discriminate between normal and cancerous cells and must rely on targeting the radiation beams to specific cells. Interestingly, the application of nanoscale particles in radiation therapy has aimed to improve outcomes in radiation therapy by increasing toxicity in tumors and reducing it in normal tissues.

Experimental measurements and Monte Carlo calculations for (103)Pd dosimetry of the 12 mm COMS eye plaque.

Monte Carlo simulations and TLD dosimetry have been performed to determine the dose distributions along the central axis of the 12 mm COMS eye plaques loaded with IRA1-(103)Pd seeds. Several simulations and measurements have been employed to investigate the effect of Silastic insert and air in front of the eye on dosimetry results along the central axis of the plaque and at some critical ocular structures. Measurements were performed using TLD-GR200A circular chip dosimeters in a PMMA eye phantom.

Bremsstrahlung parameters of praseodymium-142 in different human tissues: a dosimetric perspective for (142)Pr radionuclide therapy.

Objective: Praseodymium-142 [T 1/2 = 19.12 h, [Formula: see text] = 2.162 MeV (96.

Thermoluminescent and Monte Carlo dosimetry of IR06-103Pd brachytherapy source.

This work presents experimental dosimetry results for a new 103Pd brachytherapy seed, in accordance with the AAPM TG-43U1 recommendation that all new low-energy interstitial brachytherapy seeds should undergo one Monte Carlo (MC) and at least one experimental dosimetry characterization. Measurements were performed using TLD-GR200A circular chip dosimeters using standard methods employing thermoluminescent dosimeters in a Perspex phantom. The Monte Carlo N-particle (MCNP) code, version 5 was used to evaluate the dose-rate distributions around this model 103Pd source in water and Perspex phantoms.

Role of glucose as a modulator of anabolic and catabolic gene expression in normal and osteoarthritic human chondrocytes.

Cartilage matrix homeostasis involves a dynamic balance between numerous signals that modulate chondrocyte functions. This study aimed at elucidating the role of the extracellular glucose concentration in modulating anabolic and catabolic gene expression in normal and osteoarthritic (OA) human chondrocytes and its ability to modify the gene expression responses induced by pro-anabolic stimuli, namely Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF). For this, we analyzed by real time RT-PCR the expression of articular cartilage matrix-specific and non-specific genes, namely collagen types II and I, respectively.

ROPES eye plaque brachytherapy dosimetry for two models of (103)Pd seeds.

Brachytherapy dose distributions are calculated for 15 mm ROPES eye plaque loaded with model Theragenics200 and IR06-(103)Pd seeds. The effects of stainless steel backing and Acrylic insert on dose distribution along the central axis of the eye plaque and at critical ocular structure are investigated. Monte Carlo simulation was carried out with the Version 5 of the MCNP.

Expression and function of the insulin receptor in normal and osteoarthritic human chondrocytes: modulation of anabolic gene expression, glucose transport and GLUT-1 content by insulin.

Objective: Chondrocytes respond to insulin, but the presence and role of the specific high affinity insulin receptor (InsR) has never been demonstrated. This study determined whether human chondrocytes express the InsR and compared its abundance and function in normal and osteoarthritis (OA) human chondrocytes.

Design: Cartilage sections were immunostained for detection of the InsR.

Dosimetric parameters of the new design (103)Pd brachytherapy source based on Monte Carlo study.

In this study version 5 of the MCNP photon transport simulation was used to calculate the dosimetric parameters for new palladium brachytherapy source design following AAPM Task Group No. 43U1 report. The internal source components include four resin beads of 0.

Monte Carlo calculated TG-60 dosimetry parameters for the beta- emitter 153Sm brachytherapy source.

Purpose: The formalism recommended by Task Group 60 (TG-60) of the American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) is applicable for beta sources. Radioactive biocompatible and biodegradable 153Sm glass seed without encapsulation is a beta- emitter radionuclide with a short half-life and delivers a high dose rate to the tumor in the millimeter range. This study presents the results of Monte Carlo calculations of the dosimetric parameters for the 153Sm brachytherapy source.

Monte Carlo calculation of dosimetry parameters for the IR08-103Pd brachytherapy source.

Purpose: For the treatment of some cancerous tumors using brachytherapy methods and low-energy photon sources, such as 125I and 103Pd, the American Association of Physicists in Medicine Task Group No. 43U1 report recommends that the dosimetric parameters of a new brachytherapy source must be determined in two experimental and Monte Carlo theoretical methods before using each new source clinically. This study presents the results of Monte Carlo calculations of the dosimetric parameters for IR08-103Pd brachytherapy source design.

Thick tellurium electrodeposition on nickel-coated copper substrate for 124I production.

Tellurium electrodeposition on a nickel-coated copper substrate was investigated for production of iodine-124. The electrodeposition experiments were carried out by the alkali plating baths. The optimum conditions of the electrodeposition of tellurium were as follows: 6 g l(-1) tellurium, pH=10, DC current density of ca.

Universal and nonuniversal features in a model of city traffic.

The complex behavior that occurs when traffic lights are synchronized is studied. Two strategies are considered: all lights in phase, and a "green wave" with a propagating green signal. It is found that traffic variables such as traveling time, velocity, and fuel consumption, near resonance, follow critical scaling laws.

Modeling traffic through a sequence of traffic lights.

We introduce a microscopic traffic model, based on kinematic behavior, which consists of a single vehicle traveling through a sequence of traffic lights that turn on and off with a specific frequency. The reconstructed function that maps the state of the vehicle from light to light displays complex behavior for certain conditions. This chaotic behavior, which arises by the discontinuous nature of the map, displays an essential ingredient in traffic patterns and could be of relevance in studying traffic situations.