Population genetics and evolutionary history of the endangered Eld's deer (Rucervus eldii) with implications for planning species recovery.

Eld's deer (Rucervus eldii) with three recognised subspecies (R. e. eldii, R.

Season dependent effects of urban environment on circadian clock of tree sparrow (Passer montanus).

Great efforts have been made recently to understand the effect(s) of urban environments on the circadian and seasonal physiology of wild animals, but the mechanisms involved remain largely unknown. Most laboratory studies and a few studies on animals in the wild suggest alterations occur in the physiological functions of organisms in urban habitats. Here, we addressed the effects of the interaction of seasons and urban environments on clock gene expression in three tissues of tree sparrows (Passer montanus).

Daily expression of clock genes in central and peripheral tissues of tree sparrow (Passer montanus).

Almost all organisms live in a fluctuating environment. To achieve synchrony with the fluctuating environment, organisms have evolved with time-tracking mechanism commonly known as biological clocks. This circadian clock machinery has been identified in almost all cells of vertebrates and categorized as central and peripheral clocks.