Alzheimer's disease with sleep insufficiency: a cross-sectional study on correlations among clinical characteristics, orexin, its receptors, and the blood-brain barrier.

Previous studies have shown that reduced sleep duration, sleep fragmentation, and decreased sleep quality in patients with Alzheimer's disease are related to dysfunction in orexin signaling. At the same time, blood-brain barrier disruption is considered an early biomarker of Alzheimer's disease. However, currently no report has examined how changes in orexin signaling relate to changes in the blood-brain barrier of patients who have Alzheimer's disease with sleep insufficiency.

Deep brain stimulation of the nucleus basalis of Meynert modulates hippocampal-frontoparietal networks in patients with advanced Alzheimer's disease.

Background: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the nucleus basalis of Meynert (NBM) has shown potential for the treatment of mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, there is little evidence of whether NBM-DBS can improve cognitive functioning in patients with advanced AD. In addition, the mechanisms underlying the modulation of brain networks remain unclear.

Clinical Features and Potential Mechanisms Relating Neuropathological Biomarkers and Blood-Brain Barrier in Patients With Alzheimer's Disease and Hearing Loss.

Background: The aim of this study was to explore clinical features and potential mechanisms relating neuropathological biomarkers and blood-brain barrier (BBB) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and hearing loss (HL).

Materials And Methods: A total of 65 patients with AD were recruited and auditory function was assessed by threshold of pure tone audiometry (PTA). Patients were divided into AD with HL (AD-HL) and AD with no HL (AD-nHL) groups based on the standard of World Health Organization.

Clinical Characteristics, Iron Metabolism and Neuroinflammation: New Insight into Excessive Daytime Sleepiness in Parkinson's Disease.

Background: To investigate the clinical characteristics, iron metabolism and neuroinflammation in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients with excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS).

Methods: We studied 379 patients with PD and 30 age-matched controls. All subjects were evaluated by Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS) and a series of rating scales and were divided into PD-EDS and PD-NEDS groups according to ESS score.

Olfactory Dysfunction and Its Association With Neuropathologic Proteins in Cerebrospinal Fluid From Patients With Parkinson Disease.

Olfactory dysfunction (OD) is a common non-motor symptom of Parkinson disease (PD). However, the relationship between OD and neuropathologic proteins in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from PD patients remains unclear. 166 PD patients were included in the study.

Parkinson's Disease With Depression: The Correlations Between Neuroinflammatory Factors and Neurotransmitters in Cerebrospinal Fluid.

: To explore the changes of neuroinflammatory factors in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and their correlation with monoamine neurotransmitters in Parkinson's disease (PD) with depression (PD-D) patients. : Neuroinflammatory factors and neurotransmitters in CSF were measured and compared between PD with no depression (PD-ND) and PD-D groups. The relationship between PD-D and neuroinflammatory factors was studied by binary logistic regression equation, and the related factors of PD-D were adjusted.

Clinical features and brain structural changes in magnetic resonance imaging in Alzheimer's disease patients with apathy.

Background: Apathy is common in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. However, its relation with other clinical symptoms in AD and brain structural changes in magnetic resonance imaging is unclear.

Results: Compared with AD with no apathy group, cognitive function and activities of daily living were significantly impaired and neuropsychiatric symptoms were obviously presented in AD with apathy group (P<0.

Clinical, Structural, and Neuropathological Features of Olfactory Dysfunction in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease.

We explored changes in clinical features and neuropathological mechanisms underlying olfactory dysfunction (OD) in 60 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Olfactory function was evaluated using the Sniffin' Sticks test and a threshold discrimination identification (TDI) score. Based on the TDI score, we divided patients according to the presence or absence of OD (AD-OD and AD-NOD, respectively).

Tremor-Dominant in Parkinson Disease: The Relevance to Iron Metabolism and Inflammation.

Tremor is one of the most predominant symptoms of patients with Parkinson disease (PD), but the underlying mechanisms for tremor relating to iron and its metabolism-related proteins and the inflammatory factors in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum have not been fully elucidated. A total of 135 PD patients were divided into a tremor-dominant (PD-TD) group ( = 74) and a postural instability and gait difficulty-dominant (PD-PIGD) group ( = 39) based on the ratio of mean tremor score to the mean bradykinesia/rigid score of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) III. Age and sex-matched healthy controls were recruited ( = 35).

An Investigation on the Clinical Features and Neurochemical Changes in Parkinson's Disease With Depression.

To investigate the clinical features and neurochemical changes in Parkinson's disease with depression (PD-D). A total of 478 PD patients were divided into PD-D and PD patients without depression (PD-ND) groups according to the 24-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) score. Demographic variables, motor and non-motor symptoms and activities of daily living were evaluated.

Analyses of Clinical Features and Investigations on Potential Mechanisms in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease and Olfactory Dysfunction.

Background: OD is common in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the relationship between OD and clinical symptoms and the potential mechanisms of OD in AD patients are still unknown.

Objective: To explore the relationship between OD and clinical symptoms and the potential mechanisms of OD in AD patients.

Clinical features and dysfunctions of iron metabolism in Parkinson disease patients with hyper echogenicity in substantia nigra: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Transcranial ultrasound is a useful tool for providing the evidences for the early diagnosis and differential diagnosis of Parkinson disease (PD). However, the relationship between hyper echogenicity in substantia nigra (SN) and clinical symptoms of PD patients remains unknown, and the role of dysfunction of iron metabolism on the pathogenesis of SN hyper echogenicity is unclear.

Methods: PD patients was detected by transcranial sonography and divided into with no hyper echogenicity (PDSN-) group and with hyper echogenicity (PDSN+) group.

Parkinson disease with constipation: clinical features and relevant factors.

Constipation is one of the most frequent non-motor symptoms of Parkinson disease (PD) and it may be ignored by PD patients, leading to this problem not to be reported in time. The relationships between constipation and demographic variables, motor symptoms and other non-motor symptoms of PD are still unknown. PD patients were evaluated by diagnostic criteria of functional constipation in Rome III and divided into PD with constipation (PD-C) and PD with no constipation (PD-NC) groups.

Iron deposition in substantia nigra: abnormal iron metabolism, neuroinflammatory mechanism and clinical relevance.

Parkinson disease (PD) is associated with multiple factors, including iron, which is demonstrated to deposit excessively in PD brains. We detected iron deposition by susceptibility weighted image (SWI) and measured the levels of iron metabolism-related proteins and inflammatory factors in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum of PD patients and control subjects. Clinical symptoms of PD were evaluated by series of rating scales.

Restless legs syndrome in Parkinson disease: Clinical characteristics, abnormal iron metabolism and altered neurotransmitters.

Relationships among clinical characteristics, iron metabolism and neurotransmitters in Parkinson disease (PD) patients with restless legs syndrome (RLS) remains unclear. We divided 218 patients into PD with and with no RLS (PD-RLS and PD-NRLS) groups by RLS-rating scale (RLS-RS) score. Motor and non-motor symptoms were rated by related scales.

Serotonergic dysfunctions and abnormal iron metabolism: Relevant to mental fatigue of Parkinson disease.

Fatigue is a very common non-motor symptom in Parkinson disease (PD) patients. It included physical fatigue and mental fatigue. The potential mechanisms of mental fatigue involving serotonergic dysfunction and abnormal iron metabolism are still unknown.

Phenotype of postural instability/gait difficulty in Parkinson disease: relevance to cognitive impairment and mechanism relating pathological proteins and neurotransmitters.

Parkinson disease (PD) is identified as tremor-dominant (TD) and postural instability and gait difficulty (PIGD) phenotypes. The relationships between motor phenotypes and cognitive impairment and the underlying mechanisms relating pathological proteins and neurotransmitters in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are unknown. We evaluated the motor symptoms and cognitive function by scales, and detected the levels of pathological proteins and neurotransmitters in CSF.

Nonmotor symptoms in patients with Parkinson disease: A cross-sectional observational study.

Parkinson disease (PD) is usually accompanied by numerous nonmotor symptoms (NMS), such as neuropsychiatric symptoms, sleep disorders, autonomic dysfunctions, and sensory disturbances. However, it is not clear that the factors influencing the occurrence of NMS and its sequence with motor symptoms (MS).We conducted comprehensive assessments of NMS by using 13 scales in 1119 PD patients.

Parkinson's Disease with Fatigue: Clinical Characteristics and Potential Mechanisms Relevant to α-Synuclein Oligomer.

Background And Purpose: The aim of this study was to identify the clinical characteristics and potential mechanisms relevant to pathological proteins in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients who experience fatigue.

Methods: PD patients (n=102) were evaluated using a fatigue severity scale and scales for motor and nonmotor symptoms. The levels of three pathological proteins-α-synuclein oligomer, β-amyloid (Aβ)₁₋₄₂, and tau-were measured in 102 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from these PD patients.

Parkinson disease with REM sleep behavior disorder: features, α-synuclein, and inflammation.

Objectives: To investigate clinical features and potential mechanisms involving α-synuclein oligomer and inflammation in patients with Parkinson disease (PD) and probable REM sleep behavior disorder (PRBD).

Methods: We used the REM Sleep Behavior Disorder Screening Questionnaire (RBDSQ) to evaluate patients with PD and classified each as PRBD or not probable (NPRBD). Data collection included demographic information and evaluation of clinical symptoms using a series of rating scales.