SMAC-armed oncolytic virotherapy enhances the anticancer activity of PD1 blockade by modulating PANoptosis.

Background: Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are increasingly recognized as promising tools for cancer therapy, as they selectively infect and destroy tumor cells while leaving healthy cells unharmed. Despite considerable progress, the limited therapeutic efficacy of OV-based virotherapy continues to be a significant challenge in cancer treatment.

Methods: The SMAC/DIABLO gene was inserted into the genome of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) to generate VSV-S.

CRISPR/Cas System: A Powerful Strategy to Improve Monogenic Human Diseases as Therapeutic Delivery; Current Applications and Challenges.

The 5,000 to 8,000 monogenic diseases are inherited disorders leading to mutations in a single gene. These diseases usually appear in childhood and sometimes lead to morbidity or premature death. Although treatments for such diseases exist, gene therapy is considered an effective and targeted method and has been used in clinics for monogenic diseases since 1989.

Janus graphene nanoribbons with localized states on a single zigzag edge.

Topological design of π electrons in zigzag-edged graphene nanoribbons (ZGNRs) leads to a wealth of magnetic quantum phenomena and exotic quantum phases. Symmetric ZGNRs typically show antiferromagnetically coupled spin-ordered edge states. Eliminating cross-edge magnetic coupling in ZGNRs not only enables the realization of a class of ferromagnetic quantum spin chains, enabling the exploration of quantum spin physics and entanglement of multiple qubits in the one-dimensional limit, but also establishes a long-sought-after carbon-based ferromagnetic transport channel, pivotal for ultimate scaling of GNR-based quantum electronics.

Ameliorating macrophage pyroptosis via ANXA1/NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD pathway：Ac2-26/OGP-loaded intelligent hydrogel enhances bone healing in diabetic periodontitis.

Craniofacial bone defect healing in periodontitis patients with diabetes background has long been difficult due to increased blood glucose levels which cause overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and a low pH environment. These conditions negatively affect the function of macrophages, worsen inflammation and oxidative stress, and ultimately, hinder osteoblasts' bone repair potential. In this study, we for the first time found that ANXA1 expression in macrophages was reduced in a diabetic periodontitis environment, with the activation of the NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD signaling pathway, and, eventually, increased macrophage pyroptosis.

Leveraging Saliva for Insights into Head and Neck Cancer.

Head and neck cancer (HNC) represents a heterogeneous group of malignancies with increasing global incidence and notable mortality. Early detection is essential for improving survival rates and minimizing recurrence; however, existing diagnostic methods are often invasive and complex. There is a need for noninvasive and more effective approaches for early detection and real-time monitoring of HNC.

Glucuronoxylomannan (GXM) modulates macrophage proliferation and apoptosis through the STAT1 signaling pathway.

cryptococcus neoformans (C. neoformans) is a crucial opportunistic fungus that possesses an encapsulated fungal pathogen. The cryptococcal capsule is mainly composed of the polysaccharide glucuronoxylomannan (GXM).

Protocol for generating splice isoform-specific mouse mutants using CRISPR-Cas9 and a minigene splicing reporter.

Here, we present a protocol to alter the production of alternatively spliced mRNA variants, without affecting the overall gene expression, through CRISPR-Cas9-engineered genomic mutations in mice. We describe steps for designing guide RNA to direct Cas9 endonuclease to consensus splice sites, producing transgenic mice through pronuclear injection, and screening for desired mutations in cultured mammalian cells using a minigene splicing reporter. Splice isoform-specific mouse mutants provide valuable tools for genetic analyses beyond loss-of-function and transgenic alleles.

Metagenomic analysis reveals the effects of potassium ferrate and steel slag on fate of ARGs in anaerobic sludge digestion system.

Waste activated sludge (WAS) pose a potential risk for the spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). This study estimated the effect of sludge on antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in anaerobic sludge digestion process. Metagenomic analysis revealed anaerobic sludge with potassium ferrate (PF) and the modified PF loaded steel slag (MPF-SS) brought an increase of ARGs during digestion process.

A nomogram model to predict the high risk of lower live birth probability in young women undergoing the first IVF-ET cycle: a retrospective study.

Objective: To build a prediction nomogram for early prediction of live birth probabilities according to number of oocytes retrieved in women ≤ 35 years of age.

Methods: A prediction model was built including 9265 infertile women ≤ 35 years of age accepting their first ovum pick-up cycle from January 2018 to December 2022. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression was performed to identify independent predictors and establish a nomogram to predict reproductive outcomes.

Association of obesity with orbital fat expansion in thyroid eye disease.

Background: To investigate the association between obesity and orbital fat expansion in proptosis of thyroid eye disease.

Methods: This observational study retrospectively enrolled 87 participants who received orbital fat decompression surgery for thyroid eye disease. Primary outcome measures included average body mass index (BMI) and the proportion of the study sample with overweight and obesity, compared with the general Taiwanese population.

A bi-level optimization strategy of electricity-hydrogen-carbon integrated energy system considering photovoltaic and wind power uncertainty and demand response.

To address the power supply-demand imbalance caused by the uncertainty in wind turbine and photovoltaic power generation in the regional integrated energy system, this study proposes a bi-level optimization strategy that considers the uncertainties in photovoltaic and wind turbine power generation as well as demand response. The upper-level model analyzes these uncertainties by modeling short-term and long-term output errors using robust optimization theory, applies an improved stepwise carbon trading model to control carbon emissions, and finally constructs an electricity-hydrogen-carbon cooperative scheduling optimization model to reduce wind and carbon emissions. The lower-level model incentivizes users to participate in integrated demand response through dynamic energy pricing, thereby reducing the annual consumption cost of load aggregator.

Metronomic Capecitabine Plus Aromatase Inhibitor as Initial Therapy in Patients With Hormone Receptor-Positive, Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2-Negative Metastatic Breast Cancer-The Phase III MECCA Trial.

Purpose: The effects of metronomic chemotherapy plus endocrine therapy have yet to be elucidated through a randomized phase III clinical trial.

Methods: Randomized clinical trials were conducted at 12 centers in China from August 22, 2017, to September 24, 2021, and the final follow-up date was August 25, 2023. Patients with hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative metastatic breast cancer (MBC) who had no previous systemic therapy in the metastatic setting were enrolled.

Immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced severe epidermal necrolysis mediated by macrophage-derived CXCL10 and abated by TNF blockade.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) represent new anticancer agents and have been used worldwide. However, ICI can potentially induce life-threatening severe cutaneous adverse reaction (SCAR), such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS/TEN), hindering continuous ICI therapy. We examine 6 cohorts including 25 ICI-induced SJS/TEN patients and conduct single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis, which shows overexpression of macrophage-derived CXCL10 that recruits CXCR3 cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) in blister cells from ICI-SJS/TEN skin lesions.

IL-27 as a novel biomarker for pruritus in nodular prurigo and bullous pemphigoid.

Introduction: Bullous pemphigoid (BP) and prurigo nodularis (PN) are chronic pruritic skin diseases that severely impact patients' quality of life. Despite the widespread attention these two diseases have garnered within the dermatological field, the specific pathogenesis, particularly the molecular mechanisms underlying the pruritus, remains largely unclear. Limited clinical sequencing studies focusing on BP and PN have hindered the identification of pathological mechanisms and the exploration of effective treatment strategies.

Removal of phthalate esters by integrated adsorption and biodegradation using improved performance of lipase@MOFs.

Phthalate esters (PAEs) are broadly utilized as plasticizers in industrial products, posing a significant threat to ecological security and human health. Lipase is a kind of green biocatalyst with the ability to degrade PAEs, but its application is limited due to its low stability and poor reusability. Herein, lipase from Candida rugosa (CRL) was immobilized into an organic ligand replacement MOFs (MAF-507) and cysteine modification and glutaraldehyde cross-linking were simultaneously performed to synthesize immobilized lipase (Cys-CRL@GA@MAF-507) using a one-pot method.

Dried blood spot LC-MS/MS quantification of voclosporin in renal transplant recipients using volumetric dried blood spot sampling.

Voclosporin is a potent immunosuppressive agent currently approved for treating active lupus nephritis. Based on its potential antiviral activity, it has also been investigated as immunosuppressive agent in an investigator-initiated study in SARS-CoV2 positive kidney transplant recipients. As with many immunosuppressive agents, optimizing dosing regimens to achieve therapeutic efficacy while minimizing toxicity remains a critical challenge in clinical practice.

Entropy-Regularized Iterative Weighted Shrinkage-Thresholding Algorithm (ERIWSTA) for inverse problems in imaging.

The iterative shrinkage-thresholding algorithm (ISTA) is a classic optimization algorithm for solving ill-posed linear inverse problems. Recently, this algorithm has continued to improve, and the iterative weighted shrinkage-thresholding algorithm (IWSTA) is one of the improved versions with a more evident advantage over the ISTA. It processes features with different weights, making different features have different contributions.

Evaluation and comparison of efficacy and safety of tirzepatide, liraglutide and SGLT2i in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a network meta-analysis.

Objective: The objective is to assess the effectiveness and safety of tirzepatide, liraglutide, and SGLT2i in individuals diagnosed with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: An inquiry was undertaken within the electronic database spanning from its inception to February 11th, 2024, aimed at identifying randomized controlled trials that assess the efficacy and safety of tirzepatide, liraglutide, canagliflozin, ertugliflozin, empagliflozin, dapagliflozin, and henagliflozin. Perform a network meta-analysis to examine the distinctions among them (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42024537006).

Robust and interpretable deep learning system for prognostic stratification of extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma.

Purpose: Extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (ENKTCL) is an hematologic malignancy with prognostic heterogeneity. We aimed to develop and validate DeepENKTCL, an interpretable deep learning prediction system for prognosis risk stratification in ENKTCL.

Methods: A total of 562 patients from four centers were divided into the training cohort, validation cohort and test cohort.

Tendon Groove Technique: A Double-Bundle Footprint Technique for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction.

Double-bundle (DB) anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction has biomechanical advantages over single-bundle reconstruction. However, most studies perform the DB reconstruction with 2 femoral tunnels, which fails to provide an entire femoral footprint for ACL reconstruction. In this study, we describe a femoral double-bundle footprint technique for ACL reconstruction, named the tendon groove technique.

Association of Preoperative Oxygen Saturation and McGoon Ratio With Early Prognosis of Tetralogy of Fallot: A Propensity Score-Matched Analysis.

Aim: Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is the most common cyanotic heart disease. This study aimed to demonstrate the effects of preoperative oxygen saturation on the early prognosis of TOF and identify risk factors associated with early complications.

Method: A cohort of 1,138 patients who were diagnosed and underwent one-stage surgical repair in this hospital were retrospectively included in this study.

The effects of process parameters on the mechanical properties and degradation behavior of Fe/HA biodegradable materials.

HA/Fe composites were prepared by powder metallurgy. The effects of ball milling time, pressing pressure, and sintering temperature on the porosity and hardness of the composites were investigated, and their mechanical properties and biocompatibility were evaluated. The results show that as the ball milling time increases (30∼60min), the average particle size initially decreases and then increases (82.

Extracellular Vesicle-Like Nanovesicle for Skin Photoaging Therapy.

Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation leads to the degradation of the extracellular matrix and collagen, thereby accelerating skin aging and imposing substantial psychological burden on patients. Current anti-aging strategies are limited and often associated with high costs or strong side effects. Plant-derived extracellular vesicle-like nanovesicles, with advantages such as natural availability and cost-effectiveness, show potential in anti-aging interventions.