A comparison of nursing interventions for smoking cessation in adults with cardiovascular health problems.

Objective: To examine the relative effectiveness of three different presentations of a smoking cessation program on the smoking behavior of adults with cardiovascular health problems.

Design: A 2 x 2 x 2 x 4 experimental design with stratification by sex, smoking history, and a cardiovascular event, and randomization to Individual, Group, Written, or No Intervention groups.

Setting: Six community hospital classrooms.

The relationship of task and ego orientation to sportsmanship attitudes and the perceived legitimacy of injurious acts.

Nicholls's theory of achievement motivation (1989) assumes one's goal orientation in an achievement activity is consistent with one's views concerning what is acceptable behavior in that setting. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of a task and ego goal orientation (i.e.