Trisomy 1 in an eight cell human pre-embryo.

The high incidence of chromosome abnormalities in clinically recognised pregnancies is well documented, but experience of these problems at the time of conception is extremely limited. Using donated oocytes from women seeking surgical sterilisation, we have established reliable cytogenetic techniques for chromosome analysis of human pre-embryos. These have resulted in the first report of trisomy 1.

Endocrine and follicle characteristics of cycles with and without endogenous luteinizing hormone surges during superovulation induction with pulsatile follicle-stimulating hormone.

The induction of superovulation in women with human gonadotrophins may result in blockage of the endogenous luteinizing hormone (LH) surge, but the reasons for this are not known. Ten normally ovulating women with longstanding infertility volunteered for this study. They were treated with 225 IU follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) daily s.

The effect of pulsatile follicle stimulating hormone on the endogenous luteinizing hormone surge in women.

The effect of pulsatile administration of 'pure' FSH on the endogenous LH surge was investigated in 10 infertile but otherwise normal women. In each woman the LH surge in the spontaneous cycle preceding the treatment cycle was characterized in blood samples taken every 6 h. FSH was injected s.

Characteristics of ovarian follicles in spontaneous and stimulated cycles in which there was an endogenous luteinizing hormone surge.

The growth of ovarian follicles was assessed with the use of ultrasound in spontaneous cycles and in cycles stimulated with clomiphene citrate (CC) alone, CC plus pulsatile human menopausal gonadotropin, and CC plus pulsatile follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). At the time of the onset of the luteinizing hormone surge (LH), the size of the leading follicle did not differ significantly between the spontaneous and the stimulated cycles, although it was larger in the CC/FSH cycles. During the two days before the LH surge onset, the growth rate was faster in the stimulated than the spontaneous cycles.

Relationships between the characteristics of endogenous luteinizing hormone surge and the degree of ovarian hyperstimulation during superovulation induction in women.

Ovarian hyperstimulation was induced in 17 normally cycling women undergoing in-vitro fertilization (IVF) and embryo transfer with clomiphene (9 cycles), clomiphene followed by pulsatile hMG (12 cycles) or clomiphene followed by pulsatile FSH (11 cycles). Hyperstimulation was greater with the combined treatments than with clomiphene alone. In all 32 cycles an endogenous LH surge occurred.

Digital image management: networking, display, and archiving.

The requirements for implementing a radiology imaging network are similar to those for local area networks now being designed for other purposes to manage large data films. A radiology department serving a 500-bed hospital generates about 927 megabytes of digitally formatted data per working day. These data are expected to be on line for the patient's hospitalization period.

Comparison between clomiphene plus pulsatile human menopausal gonadotrophin and clomiphene plus pulsatile follicle stimulating hormone in induction of multiple follicular development in women.

Eighteen normally cycling women with tubal infertility undergoing in-vitro fertilization and embryo transfer were treated with clomiphene only (nine cycles), clomiphene plus human menopausal gonadotrophin (HMG) (18 cycles) and clomiphene plus follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) (12 cycles). Clomiphene was given from day 2 to 6 (150 mg daily). HMG and FSH were injected s.

Changes in the concentration of prostaglandins in preovulatory human follicles after administration of hCG.

The concentrations of prostaglandins F-2 alpha, E, D-2 and 13,14-dihydro-15-keto PGE were measured in follicular fluid collected from women undergoing routine laparoscopy following induction of follicular development with clomiphene and hCG. Laparoscopy was performed before, or at 12, 24 or 36 h after administration of hCG. Prostaglandins were measured as the methyloxime derivative by radioimmunoassay.

Chromosome studies in human in vitro fertilization.

The chromosome constitution of 22 human preimplantation embryos from donor oocytes fertilized in vitro by donor sperm was studied to assess the contribution of lethal chromosome anomalies to the high failure rate of implantation of in vitro fertilized embryos after embryo transfer in infertile women. Evidence was found of nondisjunction, resulting in trisomy, monosomy, and nullosomy; structural abnormalities; haploidy; and triploidy. Despite the lethality of their chromosome complements, these embryos could not be distinguished morphologically from those with normal chromosomes.

The molecular through ecological genetics of abnormal abdomen. III. Tissue-specific differential replication of ribosomal genes modulates the abnormal abdomen phenotype in Drosophila mercatorum.

The abnormal abdomen (aa) syndrome in Drosophila mercatorum is controlled by two major X-linked genetic elements. We have previously shown that the major X-linked element of aa is associated with the presence of large inserts in the 28S gene of the ribosomal RNA (rDNA) genes. We show that, in polytene tissue of wild-type D.

Digital image management: networking, display, and archiving.

The requirements for implementing a radiology imaging network are similar to those for local area networks now being designed for other purposes to manage large data films. A radiology department serving a 500-bed hospital generates about 927 megabytes of digitally formatted data per working day. These data are expected to be on line for the patient's hospitalization period.

Oocyte recovery and fertilization rates in women at various times after the administration of hCG.

Volunteer women requesting laparoscopic sterilization were subjected to a fixed schedule of ovulation induction and oocyte recovery. Follicle aspiration was carried out in four groups: those to whom hCG was not administered and 12, 24 or 36 h respectively after the administration of hCG. For each group oocytes were cultured in vitro for 42 h, 30 h, 18 h and 6 h respectively, before insemination with donor spermatozoa.

Estimating digital information throughput rates for radiology networks. A model.

The design and implementation of a digital radiology image management system requires the definition, evaluation, and comparison of appropriate measures of system performance. The mean throughput rate is an important measure of the actual performance of a finished system. The mean throughput rate identifies the transmission of digital information either in bits/second or tasks/second.

Endogenous luteinizing hormone surge in women during induction of multiple follicular development with pulsatile follicle stimulating hormone.

In this study nine consecutive normally cycling women undergoing in-vitro fertilization (IVF) were superovulated with clomiphene citrate followed by pulsatile 'pure' FSH injected s.c. via a pump (28 IU every 3 h).

Mitochondrial DNA variability in natural populations of Hawaiian Drosophila. I. Methods and levels of variability in D. silvestris and D. heteroneura populations.

We describe techniques by which mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) restriction site information can be obtained for up to 16 different restriction endonucleases on individual Hawaiian Drosophila, in particular D. silvestris and D. heteroneura.

A comparison of fixed regimens for obtaining human cleaving oocytes for research purposes.

A fixed schedule for ovarian stimulation and follicular aspiration, previously used in our department for research purposes, was modified in an attempt to increase the recovery and cleavage rates of the oocytes. Three different clomiphene regimens were used to stimulate the ovaries of normal volunteer women requesting laparoscopic sterilization (50 mg and 150 mg daily for 5 days, and 50 mg daily for 10 days). Oocytes were recovered from 83% of the aspirated follicles, i.

Consequences of polyspermy in man.

Polyspermy occurs with a frequency of about 12% under some hormonal regimens currently being used for in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer. Oocytes with three pronuclei usually show normal cleavage and are morphologically indistinguishable from embryos produced by normal fertilization. Chromosome studies and DNA measurements on dispermic embryos show that about one-half are triploid, the others having either a normal diploid chromosome complement or a severely depleted chromosome complement.

Computer networks for image management in radiology: an overview.

Currently, images obtained from digital radiographic modalities are archived and managed as analog images recorded on radiographic film. An alternative for total image management is a computer-based digital network. General design considerations for a digital image network are reviewed, and estimates of important system parameters are determined.

Urinary oestrogen levels and follicle ultrasound measurements in clomiphene induced cycles with an endogenous luteinizing hormone surge.

Total oestrogen in urine and the ultrasonic size of the follicles were measured in relation to the onset of the endogenous luteinizing hormone (LH) surge (day 0) in 18 cycles induced with clomiphene citrate in an in-vitro fertilization programme. Oestrogen values in urine (microgram/24 h) increased progressively during the late follicular phase up to the day of the onset of the surge. The mean maximum follicle diameter (22.

The molecular through ecological genetics of abnormal abdomen in Drosophila mercatorum. I. Basic genetics.

The abnormal abdomen syndrome (aa) in Drosophila mercatorum is characterized by the persistence of juvenilized cuticle on the adult abdomen. The aa phenotype is shown to depend on at least two X-linked genetic elements that are about one map unit apart near the centromeric end of the X chromosome. These two genetic elements are necessary for aa expression; one behaves as a dominant element and the other as a recessive.