From Play Date to Stress Fate: Juvenile Social Play Rescues Stress-Induced Changes in Adult Social Behavior.

Long-term effects of social play on neural and behavioral development remain unclear. We investigated whether just 1 h of juvenile social play could rescue the effects of play deprivation on stress-related behavior and markers of neural plasticity. Syrian hamsters were reared from postnatal days 21-43 in three conditions: peer isolation, peer isolation with daily social play sessions (dyadic play), or group-housed with littermates.

Linking extinction risk to the economic and nutritional value of sharks in small-scale fisheries.

To achieve sustainable shark fisheries, it is key to understand not only the biological drivers and environmental consequences of overfishing, but also the social and economic drivers of fisher behavior. The extinction risk of sharks is highest in coastal tropical waters, where small-scale fisheries are most prevalent. Small-scale fisheries provide a critical source of economic and nutritional security to coastal communities, and these fishers are among the most vulnerable social and economic groups.

Management and research efforts are failing dolphins, porpoises, and other toothed whales.

Despite being subject to intensive research and public interest many populations of dolphins, porpoises, and other toothed whales (small cetaceans) continue to decline, and several species are on the verge of extinction. We examine small cetacean status, human activities driving extinction risk, and whether research efforts are addressing priority threats. We estimate that 22% of small cetaceans are threatened with extinction, with little signs of improvement in nearly thirty years.

"I haven't had that information, even though I think I'm really well-informed about most things": a qualitative focus group study on Australian women's understanding and views of potentially modifiable risk factors for breast cancer.

Background: Building health literacy about potentially modifiable risk factors for breast cancer may help to empower women to make more informed decisions about their breast health; however there has been limited qualitative research on this topic. This study aimed to explore current knowledge, understanding and experience of potentially modifiable risk factors for breast cancer, and views on current and future communication strategies for this information and related interventions.

Methods: Qualitative study using online focus groups via Zoom in October-November 2022.

'No one ever asks about something that actually is relevant to my life': A qualitative study of diabetes and diabetes care experiences of young women with type 2 diabetes during their reproductive years.

Aim: To understand the health needs, experiences, and views of women with type 2 diabetes in relation to diabetes, reproductive health experiences, and general wellbeing.

Method: A qualitative study using semi-structured interviews. Thirty-six women with type 2 diabetes (median age 37 years; age ranges 20-45 years; median diabetes duration 4.

Parent's Hesitation with COVID-19 Vaccinations in Infants and Children Aged 6 Months to 5 Years.

We implemented an in-person survey of parents/guardians concerning COVID-19 vaccine for a predominantly African-American Medicaid pediatric patient population between the ages of 6-59 months at a Children's Hospital General Pediatric Clinic in Norfolk, VA. Vaccine hesitancy was predominantly based on concerns surrounding safety and overall need for the vaccine.

Handgrip Strength Index: A Novel Parameter Which Quantifies Clinical Weakness in People on Haemodialysis.

Objective: The muscle strength in people on haemodialysis is associated with nutritional status, quality of life, functional independence, and survival. Handgrip Strength (HGS) is simple to measure, but clinical interpretation is limited by the lack of reference ranges for a haemodialysis population. This study aims to define a novel parameter, HGS index, which quantifies degree of clinical weakness specific to a haemodialysis population and to test if this predicts survival.

Exploring the Impact of Instruction on College Students' Health Insurance Literacy.

Student health insurance literacy is an area of limited prior knowledge, and investigations into this topic have the potential to impact students' self-care strategies, self-efficacy, decision-making, and quality of life. The purpose of this study was to examine factors associated with health insurance literacy and knowledge among undergraduate students. In this study, undergraduate students at one mid-Atlantic public university in the United States who did and did not receive instruction on health insurance were surveyed.

Perspective on digital communication with health professions from close supporters of young people with long-term health conditions (The LYNC Study).

Objective: To understand the impact of digital communication using email and text between young people and their health care team on those in close supporting roles.

Methods: Twelve people (nine parents and three partners) of young people with long-term health conditions were interviewed between November 2014 and March 2016. Thematic analysis was performed followed Braun and Clarke's (2006) 6-phase method.

State Medicaid Home and Community-Based Services Policies and Health Expenditures by Payer.

This study examines the relationship between two state Medicaid home and community-based services (HCBS) policies - number of beneficiaries (Participation) and use per beneficiary (Intensity) - and individual health expenditures. Data include the 2008-2013 Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey and state-level Medicaid HCBS indicators. Two-part generalized linear models are estimated for health expenditures by payer and dual-eligibility status.

Characterization and comparison of echolocation clicks of white-beaked dolphins (Lagenorhynchus albirostris) off the Northumberland coast, UK.

Odontocetes produce ultrasonic clicks for navigation and foraging. These are commonly categorized as regular or buzz clicks based on the inter-click interval. Buzz clicks are linked to foraging behaviors and may be subdivided into slow buzz clicks for prey chase, and regular buzz clicks for prey capture.

Women's Wellness with Type 2 Diabetes Program (WWDP): Qualitative findings from the UK and Australian feasibility study.

Aims: To undertake a qualitative study of a multimodal behavioural intervention and research protocol developed to improve wellness in women with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the Women's Wellness with Type 2 Diabetes program (WWDP).

Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 participants who completed the WWDP. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically in an iterative process.

International feasibility study for the Women's Wellness with Type 2 Diabetes Programme (WWDP): An eHealth enabled 12-week intervention programme for midlife women with type 2 diabetes.

Aims: The current study aimed to examine feasibility of participant recruitment and retention rates for the Women's Wellness with Type 2 Diabetes program (WWDP), and to assess initial efficacy of the program in improving wellbeing outcomes.

Methods: 70 midlife women with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) participated in a 12-week wellness-focused intervention, the WWDP. The WWDP involved a structured book (with participatory activities), an interactive website and nurse consultations.

Life-history, exploitation and extinction risk of the data-poor Baraka's whipray (Maculabatis ambigua) in small-scale tropical fisheries.

The Baraka's whipray (Maculabatis ambigua) is a major constituent of small-scale fisheries catch in the south-western Indian Ocean. Despite this, little is known of its life-history or exploitation status. We provide the first estimates of crucial life-history parameters and the maximum intrinsic population growth rate r , using specimens collected from small-scale fisheries landings in Kenya, Zanzibar and Madagascar (with northern Madagascar representing a range extension for this species).

Revision of the sixgill sawsharks, genus Pliotrema (Chondrichthyes, Pristiophoriformes), with descriptions of two new species and a redescription of P. warreni Regan.

Recent sampling efforts in Madagascar and Zanzibar, as well as examinations of six-gilled sawsharks in several museum collections provided evidence for a complex of species within Pliotrema warreni Regan. The present manuscript contains a redescription of P. warreni involving the syntypes and additional material, as well as formal descriptions of two new species of Pliotrema Regan.

Description and classification of echolocation clicks of Indian Ocean humpback (Sousa plumbea) and Indo-Pacific bottlenose (Tursiops aduncus) dolphins from Menai Bay, Zanzibar, East Africa.

Passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) is a powerful method to study the occurrence, movement and behavior of echolocating odontocetes (toothed whales) in the wild. However, in areas occupied by more than one species, echolocation clicks need to be classified into species. The present study investigated whether the echolocation clicks produced by small, at-risk, resident sympatric populations of Indian Ocean humpback dolphin (Sousa plumbea) and Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops aduncus) in Menai Bay, Zanzibar, East Africa, could be classified to allow species specific monitoring.

Population structure, connectivity, and demographic history of an apex marine predator, the bull shark .

Knowledge of population structure, connectivity, and effective population size remains limited for many marine apex predators, including the bull shark . This large-bodied coastal shark is distributed worldwide in warm temperate and tropical waters, and uses estuaries and rivers as nurseries. As an apex predator, the bull shark likely plays a vital ecological role within marine food webs, but is at risk due to inshore habitat degradation and various fishing pressures.

Reusable Pulse Oximetry Sensors: A Cost-Saving Quality Improvement Project.

Background: In the setting of tightening health care budgets and capped payments, new strategies are needed to reduce waste while still providing quality and safe care. Transitioning from disposable supplies to reusable options is a viable approach to save money.

Objective: To reduce the cost of the largest expense in the Adult Emergency Department's budget by 20% by transiting from disposable to reusable pulse oximetry sensors.

Implementation of a model of care for hospitalised older persons with cognitive impairment (the Confused Hospitalised Older Persons program) in six New South Wales hospitals.

Objective: To evaluate the implementation of a model of care known as the Confused Hospitalised Older Persons (CHOPs) program to improve recognition, assessment and management of older persons with cognitive impairment (delirium and/or dementia) admitted to acute hospitals.

Methods: The model of care was implemented in six selected hospitals across New South Wales. Pre- and postimplementation medical record audits, environmental audits, and staff knowledge and care confidence surveys were performed.

Genetic population structure and demography of an apex predator, the tiger shark .

Population genetics has been increasingly applied to study large sharks over the last decade. Whilst large shark species are often difficult to study with direct methods, improved knowledge is needed for both population management and conservation, especially for species vulnerable to anthropogenic and climatic impacts. The tiger shark, , is an apex predator known to play important direct and indirect roles in tropical and subtropical marine ecosystems.

Comparison of the Efficacy and Safety of 2 Acetaminophen Dosing Regimens in Febrile Infants and Children: A Report on 3 Legacy Studies.

Objective: Compare efficacy and safety of 10 to 15 mg/kg with 20 to 30 mg/kg acetaminophen in febrile children 6 months to ≤ 11 years from 3 double-blind, randomized, single or multiple dose studies.

Methods: Doses were compared on sum of the temperature differences (SUMDIFF), maximum temperature difference (MAXDIFF), temperature differences at each time point, and dose by time interactions. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was evaluated in the 72-hour duration study.

Erratum to: 36th International Symposium on Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine: Brussels, Belgium. 15-18 March 2016.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1186/s13054-016-1208-6.].

Spatial and Temporal Variations in the Occurrence and Foraging Activity of Coastal Dolphins in Menai Bay, Zanzibar, Tanzania.

Understanding temporal patterns in distribution, occurrence and behaviour is vital for the effective conservation of cetaceans. This study used cetacean click detectors (C-PODs) to investigate spatial and temporal variation in occurrence and foraging activity of the Indo-Pacific bottlenose (Tursiops aduncus) and Indian Ocean humpback (Sousa plumbea) dolphins resident in the Menai Bay Conservation Area (MBCA), Zanzibar, Tanzania. Occurrence was measured using detection positive minutes.