Biochar and nanoscale silicon synergistically alleviate arsenic toxicity and enhance productivity in chili peppers (Capsicum annuum L.).

Arsenic (As) contamination in agricultural soils threatens crop productivity and food safety. In this study, we examined the efficacy of biochar (BC) and silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs) as environmentally sustainable soil amendments to alleviate As toxicity in chili (Capsicum annuum L.) plants.