Recognition of impaired atomoxetine metabolism because of low CYP2D6 activity.

Ten out of 100 children treated for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder with standard doses of atomoxetine were selected by a neurologist for cytochrome P450 2D6 and cytochrome P450 2C19 genotyping, based on late response (>9 weeks) and adverse effects (gastrointestinal problems, sleeping disorders, malaise, inactivity, and mood instabilities). After genotyping, eight children were confirmed to have compromised cytochrome P450 2D6 activity because of at least one nonfunctional or less functional allele. Cytochrome P450 C19 is a minor pathway in atomoxetine metabolism and therefore of less importance.

Differential effects of atomoxetine on executive functioning and lexical decision in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and reading disorder.

Objective: The effects of a promising pharmacological treatment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), atomoxetine, were studied on executive functions in both ADHD and reading disorder (RD) because earlier research demonstrated an overlap in executive functioning deficits in both disorders. In addition, the effects of atomoxetine were explored on lexical decision.

Methods: Sixteen children with ADHD, 20 children with ADHD + RD, 21 children with RD, and 26 normal controls were enrolled in a randomized placebo-controlled crossover study.

Suggestive linkage of ADHD to chromosome 18q22 in a young genetically isolated Dutch population.

Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common, highly heritable, neuropsychiatric disorder among children. Linkage studies in isolated populations have proved powerful to detect variants for complex diseases, such as ADHD. We performed a genome-wide linkage scan for ADHD in nine patients from a genetically isolated population in the Netherlands, who were linked to each other within 10 generations through multiple lines of descent.

Superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery bypass surgery in a pediatric giant intracranial aneurysm presenting as migraine-like episodes.

Introduction: Aneurysms of the intracranial arteries in the pediatric population are reportedly rare. There is a male predominance, association with connective tissue disorders, as well as bacterial, mycotic infections, and trauma.

Results And Discussion: Common sites of presentation are the internal carotid artery bifurcation, posterior circulation, and distal segment of middle cerebral artery.

Application of Empore C-8 extraction disks for screening urine in systematic toxicological analysis.

Solid-phase extraction (SPE) by means of disposable columns has become a widely accepted technique for sample pretreatment in toxicology, both for directed analyses and for screening analyses. However, the sample capacity in SPE is usually limited to a few millilitres. Therefore, we have investigated to what extent these problems can be overcome by using Empore extraction disks, consisting of chemically modified C-8 reversed-phase silica, embedded in an inert polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) matrix.