Fractional optimal control strategies for hepatitis B virus infection with cost-effectiveness analysis.

Hepatitis B disease is a communicable disease that is caused by the hepatitis B virus and has become a significant health problem in the world. It is a contagious disease that is transmittable from person to person either horizontally or vertically. This current study is aimed at sensitivity analysis and optimal control strategies for a fractional hepatitis B epidemic model with a saturated incidence rate in the sense of the Caputo order fractional derivative approach.

Fractional order differential equations for chronic liver cirrhosis with frequent hospitalization.

Objective: Liver cirrhosis, which is considered as the terminal stage of liver diseases, has become life-threatening among non-communicable diseases in the world. Viral hepatitis (hepatitis B and C) is the major risk factor for the development and progression of chronic liver cirrhosis. The asymptomatic stage of cirrhosis is considered as the compensated cirrhosis whereas the symptomatic stage is considered as decompensated cirrhosis.