[Use of psychotropic drugs among Indigenous and Quilombola communities in Brazil].

The use of psychotropic drugs has become a public health issue due to their high consumption worldwide. In the context of traditional populations, the literature on the use of these medications is scarce. This study presents a descriptive analysis of psychotropic drug use among Indigenous and Quilombola communities in the states of Minas Gerais, Rio Grande do Norte, Alagoas, and Piauí in Brazil.

Internet-Based Intervention Compared to Brief Intervention for Smoking Cessation in Brazil: Pilot Study.

Background: Smoking is still the leading cause of preventable death. Governments and health care providers should make available more accessible resources to help tobacco users stop.

Objective: This study describes a pilot longitudinal study that evaluated the efficacy of an internet-based intervention compared to the brief intervention for smoking cessation among Brazilians.

Vaping, Perceptions of Vaping, and Plans to Quit Among E-cigarette Users in the United States and the United Kingdom.

Introduction: Government and health organizations in the United States and the United Kingdom have taken different stances on e-cigarettes policy. To explore the potential effects of these policies, we describe e-cigarette user characteristics, intentions to quit, and perceived attitudes toward vaping.

Methods: We used the online crowdsourcing platform Prolific to conduct a cross-sectional survey of current vapers in both countries.

Text messaging interventions to support smoking cessation among hospitalized patients in Brazil: a randomized comparative effectiveness clinical trial.

Objective: A clinical trial carried out in patients hospitalized for clinical and surgical conditions. This study evaluated the effectiveness of text messaging interventions (TM) versus telephone counseling (TC) to promote smoking cessation among hospitalized smokers in a middle-income country. Seven-day abstinence was measured during follow-up phone calls one month after discharge.

Regional Reference Centers: analysis of the national implementation of training processes on alcohol and other drugs.

An analysis of the national implementation of Regional Reference Centers (RRCs) was carried out. A survey with 97 open-ended and closed-ended questions was answered by the coordinators of 51 RRCs from the five Brazilian regions. A multi-case ex-post-facto study was facilitated by the triangulation of descriptive statistical analysis of closed-ended questions and thematic analysis of open-ended ones.

[Consumption of psychoactive substances: from punishment to care].

Although the consumption of psychoactive substances is a practice that dates back to the earliest days of humanity, in the last century it has become an issue that has gained attention from the scientific community, State agencies of control, professionals in a number of diverse settings, and society at large. Despite being a complex issue with multiple manifestations, there has been a tendency to reduce it to a question of disease or of crime; nonetheless, not all forms of consumption constitute problematic substance use, nor do they produce substance use disorders. Bearing this in mind, the call for papers on "the consumption of psychoactive substances: from punishment to care" brings together research that contributes both knowledge and actions that are contrary to punitive responses, which unfortunately remain prevalent in society.

Facebook recruitment of smokers: comparing gain- and loss-framed ads for the purposes of an Internet-based smoking cessation intervention.

Gain- and loss-framed messages about smoking behavior have commonly been used to promote cessation. However, there are still no clear conclusions as to what kind of message is more effective for motivating smokers to quit. This study compared the effectiveness of loss- and gain-framed messages in the online recruitment of smokers via Facebook Advertising.

Estimating Service Needs for Alcohol and Other Drug Users According to a Tiered Framework: The Case of the São Paulo, Brazil, Metropolitan Area.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to estimate the need for population-level services for alcohol and other drug abuse in support of local planning.

Method: Data were drawn from a subsample of 2,942 interviewees from the São Paulo Megacity Study, which evaluated mental health in the general population (18 years and older) of residents in the São Paulo metropolitan area. This population was classified into five hierarchical categories of severity, making it possible to obtain estimates of need for services, combining evaluation criteria regarding drug and alcohol use and general and mental health comorbidities over the last 12 months.

[There was a CAPSad in the middle of the road: care logic and centrality of the care network for drug users].

By applying Social Network Analysis (ARS), this study seeks to evaluate the role of the Center for Psychosocial Care - Alcohol and Other Drugs (CAPSad) in the care network for drug users. It involves an exploratory, cross-sectional and quantitative approach of the Juiz de Fora city network in the state of Minas Gerais. One hundred and eighty-seven care services were identified in the city.

An Experimental Feasibility Study of a Hybrid Telephone Counseling/Text Messaging Intervention for Post-Discharge Cessation Support Among Hospitalized Smokers in Brazil.

Objective: Text messaging interventions are effective. Despite high utilization of smartphones, few studies evaluate text messaging for cessation in middle-/lower-income countries. Initiating tobacco treatment in hospitals is an effective but underutilized approach for reaching smokers.

A review of smartphone apps for smoking cessation available in Portuguese.

Smartphone apps are being developed as a complement to smoking cessation treatment. The current study aimed to analyze the content of available apps in Portuguese in two operational systems, Android and iOS. Fifty-one apps were found in iTunes and 600 in Google Play.

Web-based self-help intervention reduces alcohol consumption in both heavy-drinking and dependent alcohol users: A pilot study.

As part of a multicenter project supported by the World Health Organization, we developed a web-based intervention to reduce alcohol use and related problems. We evaluated the predictors of adherence to, and the outcomes of the intervention. Success was defined as a reduction in consumption to low risk levels or to <50% of the baseline levels of number of drinks.

Mental health services assessment in Brazil: systematic literature review.

Assessment in the mental health area is a mechanism able to generate information that positively helps decision-making. Therefore, it is necessary to appropriate on the existing discussions, reasoning the challenges and possibilities linked to knowledge production within this scientific filed. A systematic review of publications about the Brazilian scientific production on mental health service assessment was performed, identifying and discussing methods, assessment perspectives and results.

Mindfulness, perceived stress, and subjective well-being: a correlational study in primary care health professionals.

Background: Primary health care professionals (PHPs) usually report high levels of distress and burnout symptoms related to job strain. Mindfulness, defined as non-judgmental-present-moment awareness, seems to be a moderator in the causal association between life stressors and well-being. This study aimed to verify correlations among self-reported mindfulness, perceived stress (PS), and subjective well-being (SW) in Brazilian PHPs.

Smokers Show Lower Levels of Psychological Well-Being and Mindfulness than Non-Smokers.

Mindfulness is defined as "paying attention in a particular way, on purpose, in the present moment, and nonjudgmentally". Mindfulness is associated with positive affect, life satisfaction, self-esteem, lower negative affect and rumination. Conversely, evidence suggests a relationship between nicotine dependence and psychiatric disorders.

Implementation of public policy on alcohol and other drugs in Brazilian municipalities: comparative studies.

One of the challenges with respect to public health and the abuse of alcohol and other drugs is to implement policies in support of greater co-ordination among various levels of government. In Brazil, policies are formulated by the Secretaria Nacional de Políticas sobre Drogas (SENAD - State Department for Policies on Drugs) and the Ministério da Saúde (MS - Ministry of Health). This study aims to compare implementation of policies adopted by SENAD and MS at the municipal level.

Unravelling the skein of care networks on drugs: a narrative review of the literature.

Heated debates on given models of treatment for drug users have raged in the halls of academia, in public policies, not to mention in the media. The care network on drugs is presented in this context as an important mechanism for users, but its construction turns out to be a challenge. Therefore, a critical analysis and narrative review of the scientific literature on the care network on drugs was conducted, seeking to pinpoint the challenges and opportunities for its consolidation.

[Burnout syndrome in primary health care professionals].

Burnout is characterized by emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and low occupational performance, which may occur among health professionals. This article evaluates burnout among workers in Primary Health Care (PHC) in three small towns in the Zona da Mata Mineira. The study analyzes associations by logistic regression between burnout, socioeconomic, and demographic aspects of work.

Staff commitment to providing tobacco dependence in drug treatment: Reliability, validity, and results of a national survey.

Although most people in treatment for illicit drug use smoke cigarettes, few facilities offer any form of treatment for tobacco dependence. One reason for this may be that drug treatment staff have varying levels of commitment to treat tobacco. We developed and validated a 14-item Tobacco Treatment Commitment Scale (TTCS), using 405 participants in leadership positions in drug treatment facilities.

Brief intervention and decrease of alcohol consumption among women: a systematic review.

Problems related to alcohol consumption are priority public health issues worldwide and may compromise women's health. The early detection of risky alcohol consumption combined with a brief intervention (BI) has shown promising results in prevention for different populations. The aim of this study was to examine data from recent scientific publications on the use of BI toward reducing alcohol consumption among women through a systematic review.

[A methodology to implement preventive actions against harmful drug use in the context of primary health care in Latin America].

Objective: To develop a methodology to implement practices of prevention against the use of alcohol and other drugs in the context of primary health care (PHC) that will contribute to the debate about policies and actions in Latin American countries.

Methods: This intervention research project was carried out in a small/medium-sized Brazilian city. The development process was assessed through participant observation with the aim of adapting the methodology to local needs and identifying existing weaknesses and strengths with impact on implementation.

Demand for and availability of online support to stop smoking.

Objectives: Estimate the frequency of online searches on the topic of smoking and analyze the quality of online resources available to smokers interested in giving up smoking.

Methods: Search engines were used to revise searches and online resources related to stopping smoking in Brazil in 2010. The number of searches was determined using analytical tools available on Google Ads; the number and type of sites were determined by replicating the search patterns of internet users.

Screening and brief intervention for alcohol and other drug use in primary care: associations between organizational climate and practice.

Background: Numerous studies have demonstrated that positive organizational climates contribute to better work performance. Screening and brief intervention (SBI) for alcohol, tobacco, and other drug use has the potential to reach a broad population of hazardous drug users but has not yet been widely adopted in Brazil's health care system. We surveyed 149 primary health care professionals in 30 clinics in Brazil who were trained to conduct SBI among their patients.

Mental health conditions, individual and job characteristics and sleep disturbances among firefighters.

This study aimed to assess the associations between mental health conditions, individual and job characteristics and sleep disturbances among firefighters. Of 303 participants, 51.2% reported sleep disturbances.