Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy-Based Metabolomics Analysis Reveals Potential Biochemical Markers for Diagnosis of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.

Due to many adverse effects of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on the mother and fetus, its diagnosis is crucial. The presence of GDM can be confirmed by an abnormal fasting plasma glucose level (aFPG) and/or oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) performed mostly between 24 and 28 gestational week. Both aFPG and abnormal glucose tolerance (aGT) are used to diagnose GDM.

A comparison of the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups Recommendations with Former Criteria for Diagnosing Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Aim: The aim of the study was to compare the frequency of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and pregnancy outcomes in women diagnosed by WHO 1999 and IADPSG criteria.

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study comprising 1508 women who underwent a 75-g OGTT after the 24th week of gestation at the University Hospital of Bialystok between 2004 and 2012.

Results: GDM was diagnosed by WHO 1999 criteria in 486 (32.

Increased Maternal and Cord Blood Betatrophin in Gestational Diabetes.

Aim: The aim of the study was to compare maternal and cord blood levels of betatrophin--a new peptide potentially controlling beta cell growth--as well as in its mRNA expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue, visceral adipose tissue and placental tissue obtained from pregnant women with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and gestational diabetes (GDM).

Methods: Serum betatrophin and irisin concentrations were measured by ELISA in 93 patients with GDM and 97 women with NGT between 24 and 28 week of gestation. Additionally, maternal and cord blood betatrophin and irisin, as well as their genes (C19orf80 and Fndc5) expression were evaluated in 20 patients with GDM and 20 women with NGT at term.

The association of bone turnover markers with pro- and anti-inflammatory adipokines in patients with gestational diabetes.

Objective: The aim of the study was to assess differences in circulating osteocalcin (OC) and osteoprotegerin (OPG), as well as in their expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and placental tissue obtained from patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and normal glucose tolerance (NGT).

Materials And Method: Serum levels of OC, OPG and soluble nuclear factor-kB ligand (sRANKL) were measured in 49 women with GDM and 30 subjects with NGT between weeks 24-32 of gestation, and three months after childbirth. OC and OPG mRNA expression was measured in 23 patients with GDM and 23 women with NGT at term, using quantitative real-time RT-PCR.

High Serum IgG4 Concentrations in Patients with Hashimoto's Thyroiditis.

Purpose. Since recent reports suggest that Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) may be associated with IgG4-related disease, we aimed to find out whether the measurement of serum IgG4 allows for the identification of distinct types of HT, with different clinical, sonographic, and serologic characteristics. Methods.

Prognostic markers for the development of type 1 diabetes in first-degree relatives of diabetic patients.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate beta-cell function and insulin resistance in relation to the occurrence of anti-islet antibodies in first degree relatives of patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D).

Material And Methods: The group studied consisted of 90 relatives and 60 healthy individuals without a family history of diabetes. An intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) was performed in all participants and the first phase insulin response index (FPIR) was calculated.

The IL-6/IL-6R/sgp130 system and Th17 associated cytokines in patients with gestational diabetes.

Introduction: Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a pleiotropic cytokine which signals through a cell surface receptor complex consisting of a cognatereceptor subunit (IL-6R) and glycoprotein 130 (gp130), which is considered an antagonist to the IL-6R/IL-6 pathway. The aim of the present study was to assess IL-6/IL-6R/gp130 system and Th17 associated cytokines in different time points during and after pregnancy in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and normal glucose tolerance (NGT).

Material And Methods: Serum levels of IL-6, sIL6R, sgp130, IL-17 and IL-23 were measured in 91 women divided into three groups: GDMin the 24th-28th week of gestation (visit 1), NGT at the 1st visit and GDM in the 29th-32nd week, and NGT at both visits.

Serum irisin concentration in women with gestational diabetes.

Irisin is a novel myokine and adipokine which induces an increase in total body energy expenditure, improving insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance in experimental animals. In the present study, serum irisin concentration was measured by an enzyme immunoassay in 130 women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and 140 BMI-matched patients with normal glucose tolerance (NGT). Median irisin level was significantly lower in the patients with GDM than in the NGT subjects (1703.

Association between type 1 diabetes and periodontal health.

Purpose: We assessed periodontal status in patients with type 1 diabetes and healthy individuals in relation to their glycemic control, smoking and inflammatory biomarkers.

Material/methods: Periodontal status was examined in 107 patients with diabetes and 40 controls, using Oral Hygiene Index (OHI), Community Periodontal Index (CPI) and tooth number. CPI values of 0-2 and 3-4 were classified as non-periodontitis and periodontitis, respectively.

Decreased Expression of Thyroglobulin and Sodium Iodide Symporter Genes in Hashimoto's Thyroiditis.

Aim. The aim of the study was to compare the expression of sodium iodide symporter (NIS), thyroglobulin (Tg), tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF α ), and interleukin-1 β genes in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) and healthy individuals. Subjects and Methods.

The changes in the endothelial function and haemostatic and inflammatory parameters in subclinical and overt hyperthyroidism.

Introduction. The aim of the present study was to compare the levels of circulating markers of endothelial function and low-grade inflammation in patients with subclinical and overt hyperthyroidism (OH) due to Graves disease (GD) and toxic nodular goiter (TNG). Material and Methods.

Insulin resistance and fasting plasma glucose in first degree relatives of patients with type 1 diabetes.

Background: We analyzed the relationship between fasting plasma glucose (FPG), the presence of autoantibodies, first phase of insulin secretion and insulin resistance in the first degree relatives of patients with type 1 diabetes.

Materials And Methods: The group studied consisted of 90 healthy relatives, divided into two groups: "high-normal" FPG group (≥88mg/dl) and "low-normal" FPG group (<88/mg/dl). All subjects underwent an intravenous glucose tolerance test, and the 1st phase insulin response (FPIR) and FPIR-to-HOMA-IR-ratio were calculated.

The expression of genes involved in NF-κB activation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with gestational diabetes.

Objective: In patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes, the changes in insulin resistance are associated with the changes in expression of genes involved in nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). As such studies have never been carried out in patients with gestational diabetes (GDM), in this study, we evaluated the expression of genes involved in NF-κB activation and related to glucose metabolism in PBMCs obtained from pregnant women with GDM and normal glucose tolerance (NGT).

Design And Methods: RT-PCR was performed in 60 pregnant women divided into three groups: GDM at the 1st visit, i.

The expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 and 3 in fat and placental tissue from women with gestational diabetes.

The suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins are feedback inhibitors of signaling pathways induced by cytokines, hormones and growth factors. In the present study we measured the expression of SOCS1, SOCS3, interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-6 receptor, IL-8 and leptin mRNA in paired samples of subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and placental tissue obtained from 18 pregnant women with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and 20 subjects with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), using quantitative RT-PCR. The patients with GDM had significantly higher IL-8 mRNA expression in VAT than the women with NGT (p = 0.

The expression of transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) in fat and placental tissue from women with gestational diabetes.

In the present study we showed that the expression of transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) mRNA in visceral adipose tissue obtained from 20 women with gestational diabetes was lower than in 18 pregnant women with normal glucose tolerance (p = 0.02), however after adjusting for BMI values, the difference was not significant.

Retinol-binding protein 4 in adipose and placental tissue of women with gestational diabetes.

In the present study, we evaluated serum levels of retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) and the expression of RBP4, glucose transporter-4 (GLUT4) and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) mRNA (using quantitative real time-PCR) in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and placental tissue obtained from patients with gestational diabetes (GDM) and healthy pregnant women. Serum RBP4 concentrations and its expression in SAT were higher in the women with GDM than in the controls (p = 0.03).

Ghrelin in gestational diabetes: serum level and mRNA expression in fat and placental tissue.

Objectives: We studied the effect of an oral glucose load on circulating ghrelin, as well as ghrelin and ghrelin receptor (GHS-R1a) mRNA expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and placental tissue from pregnant women with gestational diabetes (GDM) and normal glucose tolerance (NGT).

Methods: Plasma total ghrelin levels were measured in 58 patients with GDM and 61 women with NGT by radioimmunoassay. Ghrelin and GHS-R1a mRNA expression was studied in 16 subjects with GDM and 20 healthy pregnant women at term, using RT-PCR.

Plasma apelin levels and apelin/APJ mRNA expression in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus.

Aims And Methods: Apelin is a novel adipokine identified as an endogenous ligand of the G protein-coupled receptor APJ. In this study we compared plasma apelin concentrations in 101 patients with gestational diabetes (GDM) and 101 women with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) between 24 and 32 weeks of gestation (Group 1), as well as in 20 women with GDM and 16 subjects with NGT at term (Group 2). Apelin and APJ mRNA expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and placental tissue were also measured in Group 2, using quantitative real-time PCR.

High resistin and interleukin-6 levels are associated with gestational diabetes mellitus.

Resistin is a cysteine-rich adipokine originally described as a molecular link between obesity and insulin resistance in rodents. In this study, we hypothesised that serum resistin concentrations are elevated in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) when compared with pregnant women with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and related to proinflammatory interleukin-6 (IL-6) and other factors conferring insulin resistance. Serum resistin and IL-6 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 81 women with GDM, 82 women with NGT between 24 and 31 weeks of gestation and 25 healthy non-pregnant women.

Serum visfatin concentration is elevated in pregnant women irrespectively of the presence of gestational diabetes.

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to compare serum concentrations of a recently identified namely--visfatin between pregnant women with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), as well as non-pregnant healthy subjects.

Materials And Methods: Serum visfatin concentration was measured in 61 patients with GDM, 63 pregnant subjects with NGT and 36 non-pregnant healthy women by means of an immunoassay.

Results: Median visfatin levels did not differ in the women with GDM (14.

Visfatin in gestational diabetes: serum level and mRNA expression in fat and placental tissue.

Aims And Methods: In this study we measured: (1) serum visfatin concentrations in pregnant women with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) between 26 and 33 weeks of gestation, using two immunoassays: EIA and ELISA; (2) serum visfatin levels (ELISA) and its mRNA expression (quantitative real-time PCR) in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and placental tissue from women with NGT and GDM at term.

Results: Visfatin concentrations (measured by EIA and ELISA) did not differ in the women with GDM and NGT between 26 and 33 weeks of gestation but were significantly lower in GDM than in NGT subjects at term (2.7 [0.

Circulating asymmetric dimethylarginine, endothelin-1 and cell adhesion molecules in women with gestational diabetes.

We measured plasma concentrations of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), endothelin-1 (ET-1), soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) and E-selectin in 56 patients with gestational diabetes (GDM), 68 pregnant women with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and 36 healthy non-pregnant women. ADMA concentrations were markedly lower in NGT [0.48 (0.

[Antiphospholipid antibodies in patients with coronary heart disease and the disturbances of glucose tolerance].

Unlabelled: Experimental and clinical reports suggest the role of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and arterial thrombosis. The aim of our study was to evaluate IgM and IgG anti-beta2-glycoprotein I (anti-beta2-GPI), as well as IgG antiphosphatydylserine (aPS) antibodies in 80 consecutive patients (mean age 58.6+/-8.