Clinical outcomes and emergence of resistance of infections treated with ceftolozane-tazobactam versus ceftazidime-avibactam.

Few studies compare outcomes of patients with difficult-to-treat resistance (DTR) infections treated with ceftolozane-tazobactam versus ceftazidime-avibactam. A multicenter prospective study was conducted of unique patients with DTR infections from 2018 to 2023 receiving >72 h of ceftolozane-tazobactam or ceftazidime-avibactam, with confirmation that the isolate was susceptible to the agent administered by broth microdilution. Inverse probability weighting (IPW) incorporating propensity scores was utilized to ensure balanced baseline characteristics.

Impact of a double catastrophe, war and COVID-19, on health service utilization of a tertiary care hospital in Tigray: an interrupted time-series study.

Background: In developing nations with fragile healthcare systems, the effect of war is likely to be much worse than it would be in more developed countries. The presence of COVID-19 will also likely exacerbate the war's impact. This study set out to determine the effect of armed conflict and the COVID-19 pandemic on health service utilization at Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, in the Tigray region of Ethiopia.

An NDM-Producing Clinical Isolate Exhibiting Resistance to Cefiderocol and the Combination of Ceftazidime-Avibactam and Aztreonam: Another Step Toward Pan-β-Lactam Resistance.

Background: Cefiderocol and ceftazidime-avibactam plus aztreonam (CZA-ATM) are preferred treatment regimens for New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM)-producing infections.

Methods: We report the case of a US patient who traveled to India to receive a renal transplant. He subsequently experienced pyelonephritis by an NDM-producing Broth microdilution and the broth disk elution method indicated resistance to all β-lactams, including cefiderocol and CZA-ATM.

Multicenter Evaluation of an MIC-Based Aztreonam and Ceftazidime-Avibactam Broth Disk Elution Test.

Due to limited therapeutic options, there is a clinical need to assess the activity of the combination of aztreonam (ATM) and ceftazidime-avibactam (CZA) to guide the therapeutic management of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative organism infections. We set out to develop a practical MIC-based broth disk elution (BDE) method to determine the activity of the combination ATM-CZA using readily available supplies and compare it to reference broth microdilution (BMD). For the BDE method, a 30-μg ATM disk, a 30/20-μg CZA disk, both disks in combination, and no disks were added to 4 separate 5-mL cation-adjusted Mueller-Hinton broth (CA-MHB) tubes, using various manufacturers.

Water-alcohol-TiO dispersions as sustainable ink.

Nanocrystalline titanium dioxide (TiO) is a widespread multifunctional and environmentally friendly material that has numerous applications requiring micro-/nanofabrication or thin film deposition. In most cases, the fabrication of titania films can be achieved using cost-efficient solution chemistry combined with various coating or printing techniques. The practical implementation of these methods requires the preparation of a suitable ink with properly adjusted rheological properties.

Evaluation of Piperacillin-Tazobactam Testing against by the Phoenix, MicroScan, and Vitek2 Tests Using Updated Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute Breakpoints.

In 2022, the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) updated piperacillin-tazobactam (TZP) breakpoints for , based on substantial data suggesting that historical breakpoints did not predict treatment outcomes for TZP. The U.S.

Adverse events of Oxford/AstraZeneca's COVID-19 vaccine among health care workers of Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Tigray, Ethiopia.

Background: The safety of COVID vaccines should be continuously followed. This study reports adverse events of the Oxford/AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine.

Methods: A prospective single-cohort study design was conducted to assess adverse events following immunization and associated factors of the first dose of Oxford/AstraZeneca's COVID-19 vaccine in Ayder Comprehensive specialized hospital.

Determinants of syphilis infection among pregnant women attending antenatal care in hospitals of Wolaita zone, Southern Ethiopia, 2020.

Objective Of The Study: The objective of this study was to identify determinants of syphilis infection among pregnant women attending antenatal care in hospitals in the Wolaita zone, Southern Ethiopia,2020.

Methods: An unmatched facility-based case-control study was conducted among pregnant women who received antenatal care at four randomly selected hospitals from September 1 to October 30, 2020. A two-stage sampling technique was used in the selection of hospitals and study participants.

Technical Potential of Biogas Technology to Substitute Traditional Fuel Sources and Chemical Fertilizers and Mitigate Greenhouse Gas Emissions: The Case of Arba-Minch Area, South Ethiopia.

A study was conducted in South Ethiopia with the aim of assessing the technical potential of biogas energy in replacing traditional bioenergy and chemical fertilizers and mitigating greenhouse gas emissions. A household survey with both a quantitative and qualitative approach was employed for data collection. Primary data were gathered from 182 biogas adopters as well as 10 key informants and three group discussions.

Medication Errors Among Hospitalized Adults in Medical Wards of Nekemte Specialized Hospital, West Ethiopia: A Prospective Observational Study.

Purpose: A high prevalence of medication errors in older adults are due to a combination of different factors such as polypharmacy, polymorbidity, enrolment in several disease-management programs, and fragmentation of care that causes medication errors in all age groups. This study aims to assess the incidence and determinants of medication errors among hospitalized adults in medical wards of Nekemte Specialized Hospital (NSH), West Ethiopia.

Patients And Methods: A prospective observational study design was conducted at Nekemte Specialized Hospital among hospitalized adults from October 30, 2018 to January 30, 2019.

Progressive Development of Cefiderocol Resistance in Escherichia coli During Therapy is Associated With an Increase in blaNDM-5 Copy Number and Gene Expression.

Background: As cefiderocol is increasingly being prescribed in clinical practice, it is critical that we understand key mechanisms contributing to acquired resistance to this agent.

Methods: We describe a patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and a New Delhi metallo-ß-lactamase (NDM)-5-producing Escherichia coli intra-abdominal infection in whom resistance to cefiderocol evolved approximately 2 weeks after the start of treatment. Through whole-genome sequencing (WGS), messenger RNA expression studies, and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid inhibition analysis, we investigated the role of increased NDM-5 production and genetic mutations contributing to the development of cefiderocol resistance, using 5 sequential clinical E.

Pan-drug resistant contributing to a fatal case of COVID-19.

Following prolonged hospitalization that included broad-spectrum antibiotic exposure, a strain of was cultured from the blood of a patient undergoing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation treatment for hypoxic respiratory failure due to COVID-19. The strain was resistant to all antimicrobials tested including the novel siderophore cephalosporin, cefiderocol. Whole genome sequencing detected ten antimicrobial resistance genes, including the metallo-β-lactamase , the extended-spectrum β-lactamase , and the rare 16S methyltransferase .

Cefiderocol Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing against Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacilli: a Comparison of Disk Diffusion to Broth Microdilution.

Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) of cefiderocol poses challenges because of its unique mechanism of action (i.e., requiring an iron-depleted state) and due to differences in interpretative criteria established by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI), U.

Adherence to Anti-Tuberculosis Treatment Among Pediatric Patients at Nekemte Specialized Hospital, Western Ethiopia.

Background: Non-adherence to tuberculosis treatment is the most challenging and hindering factor for successful tuberculosis therapy. The long duration of tuberculosis treatment and the undesirable effects of anti-tuberculosis drugs result in non-adherence to treatment among pediatric patients. Hence, this study was aimed to evaluate pediatrics adherence status among tuberculosis pediatric patients on anti-tuberculosis treatment at Nekemte Specialized Hospital.

Performance of Five Commercial Identification Platforms for Identification of Staphylococcus delphini.

The group (SIG) is a collection of coagulase-positive staphylococci consisting of four distinct species, namely, , , , and SIG members are animal pathogens and rare causes of human infection. Accurate identification of has important implications for interpretation of antimicrobial susceptibility testing data and may be important for other members of the group. Therefore, we sought to evaluate the performance of five commercially available identification platforms with 21 isolates obtained from a variety of animal and geographic sources.

Molecular Epidemiology of Ceftriaxone Non-Susceptible Enterobacterales Isolates in an Academic Medical Center in the United States.

Background: Knowledge of whether Enterobacterales are not susceptible to ceftriaxone without understanding the underlying resistance mechanisms may not be sufficient to direct appropriate treatment decisions. As an example, extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing organisms almost uniformly display non-susceptibility to ceftriaxone. Regardless of susceptibility to piperacillin-tazobactam or cefepime, carbapenem antibiotics are the treatment of choice for invasive infections.

Practice of over-the-counter dispensary of antibiotics for childhood illnesses in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a simulated patient encounter study.

Background: Dispensary and use of antibiotics without prescriptions from qualified providers is a common practice in countries with poor pharmaceutical regulations and where due focus is not given to rational use. This practice is a main factor for the spread of antimicrobial resistance due to its non-reliance on pre-treatment microbiologic work-up, improper indications and dosing errors. This study was conducted to determine the rate of over-the-counter dispensary of antibiotics for common childhood illnesses among privately owned medicine retail outlets in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Face Mask Use and Persistence of Livestock-associated Nasal Carriage among Industrial Hog Operation Workers and Household Contacts, USA.

Background: Industrial hog operation (IHO) workers may persistently carry antibiotic-resistant, livestock-associated in their nasal cavities. It is unclear whether IHO work activities can alter IHO workers' and their household members' exposure to these bacteria.

Objective: Our objective was to investigate the relationship of IHO work activities with persistence of antibiotic-resistant, livestock-associated S.

Two-Site Evaluation of the Colistin Broth Disk Elution Test To Determine Colistin Activity against Gram-Negative Bacilli.

Limited methods for colistin MIC determination are available to clinical microbiology laboratories. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of the colistin broth disk elution (CBDE) test compared to that of broth microdilution (BMD) for identifying colistin MICs. CBDE was compared to colistin BMD using a collection of Gram-negative bacilli tested at two U.