A Case of Immune-Mediated Pneumonitis Associated With Dual Nivolumab and Ipilimumab Immunotherapy Treatment.

Nivolumab and ipilimumab are immunotherapy agents used in combination to treat metastatic melanoma and have proven to be efficacious. However, they have been linked to the development of immune-mediated inflammatory processes in various organ systems and tissues, including immune-mediated pneumonitis (IMP). This case report describes a 50-year-old female patient with metastatic melanoma who was treated with nivolumab and ipilimumab therapy and developed IMP as a complication.

Demographics, Outcomes, and Risk Factors for Patients with Sarcoma and COVID-19: A CCC19-Registry Based Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: Patients with sarcoma often require individualized treatment strategies and are likely to receive aggressive immunosuppressive therapies, which may place them at higher risk for severe COVID-19. We aimed to describe demographics, risk factors, and outcomes for patients with sarcoma and COVID-19.

Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study of patients with sarcoma and COVID-19 reported to the COVID-19 and Cancer Consortium (CCC19) registry (NCT04354701) from 17 March 2020 to 30 September 2021.

Association Between Anteromedial Portal Versus Tibial Tunnel Drilling and Meniscal Reoperation Risk Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Cohort Study.

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) provides functional stability to an injured knee. While multiple techniques can be used to drill the femoral tunnel during ACLR, a single technique has yet to be proven as clinically superior. One marker of postoperative functional stability is subsequent meniscal tears; a lower risk of subsequent meniscal surgery could be expected with improved knee stability.

Comparison of Clinical and Radiological Features of Aquaporin4 (AQP-4) Antibody Positive Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder (NMOSD) and Anti Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein (Anti-MOG) Syndrome-Our Experience from Northwest India.

Background: More and more cases of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody are being diagnosed with the availability of laboratory tests helping us to know the differing patterns from AQP-4 antibody disease and we need to understand the natural course, treatment, and prognosis in a better way.

Objectives: Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) and anti-MOG syndromes are immune-mediated inflammatory demyelinating conditions of the central nervous system (CNS) that mainly involve the optic nerves and the spinal cord. We conducted this study to compare demographic, clinical, laboratory, and radiological features of AQP-4 antibody and MOG antibody positive patients.

Clinical Characteristics, Etiology, Recanalization Rates and Neurological Outcomes in CVT: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Background: Recanalization rates in cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) and its effect on neurological outcome have been debated worldwide and are inadequately addressed in studies from India. Our objective was to study the clinical profile of CVT and determine recanalization rates with its predictors and its effect on outcome.

Methods: A prospective single centre cohort study on 101 patients with radiologically confirmed acute CVT between October 2018 and June 2021 was conducted.

Psychosocial assessment among ophthalmic patients attending tertiary eye care centre during the lockdown in times of COVID-19 pandemic.

Purpose: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic continues to play havoc in our lives. During the first " lockdown" in 2020, we were keen on assessing the anxiety levels of patients who sought ophthalmic care despite the lockdown. Public health actions, such as social distancing, were necessary to reduce the spread of COVID-19.

Upregulated NOTCH Signaling in the Lens of Patients With Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome Compared With Pseudoexfoliation Glaucoma Suggests Protective Role.

Prcis: NOTCH signaling is significantly upregulated in the lens capsules of eyes with pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PXF) but not in those with pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PXG) when compared with healthy controls.

Purpose: NOTCH signaling has neuroprotective functions and altered NOTCH signaling is associated with neurodegenerative diseases with protein aggregation such as Alzheimer disease. As PXG is also a protein aggregate disease associated with neural degeneration, NOTCH molecular expression was explored in the lens capsules of patients with PXF, PXG, primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), and healthy controls.

Significance of non-intraocular pressure (IOP)-related factors particularly in normal tension glaucoma: Looking beyond IOP.

Purpose: To study the relationship between intraocular pressure (IOP) and mean ocular perfusion pressure (MOPP) in patients with POAG and NTG. The secondary objective was to identify other contributory ischemic factors.

Methods: This was an observational cross-sectional study from a tertiary eye hospital in patients who underwent full-day diurnal variation of tension (DVT).

Clinical Efficacy of Enzalutamide vs Bicalutamide Combined With Androgen Deprivation Therapy in Men With Metastatic Hormone-Sensitive Prostate Cancer: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Black patients have been underrepresented in prospective clinical trials of advanced prostate cancer. This study evaluated the efficacy of enzalutamide compared with bicalutamide, with planned subset analysis of Black patients with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC), which is a disease state responsive to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT).

Objective: To compare the efficacy of enzalutamide vs bicalutamide in combination with ADT in men with mHSPC, with a subset analysis of Black patients.

Ophthatome™: an integrated knowledgebase of ophthalmic diseases for translating vision research into the clinic.

Background: Medical big data analytics has revolutionized the human healthcare system by introducing processes that facilitate rationale clinical decision making, predictive or prognostic modelling of the disease progression and management, disease surveillance, overall impact on public health and research. Although, the electronic medical records (EMR) system is the digital storehouse of rich medical data of a large patient cohort collected over many years, the data lack sufficient structure to be of clinical value for applying deep learning methods and advanced analytics to improve disease management at an individual patient level or for the discipline in general. Ophthatome™ captures data contained in retrospective electronic medical records between September 2012 and January 2018 to facilitate translational vision research through a knowledgebase of ophthalmic diseases.

Preferred practice guidelines for glaucoma management during COVID-19 pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic has threatened the humanity at a global level to a large extent by the burden of the disease with significant mortality and to a certain extent as a byproduct of the necessary efforts to contain the same. There is a significant impact on the health care system, as we not only have to contain pandemic, but continue to treat our non-COVID-19 patients in a safe and responsible manner. Ophthalmology practice in general and glaucoma in particular needs certain modifications and additional precautions while examining as well as managing these patients keeping their and our safety in mind.

Treatment of glaucoma by prostaglandin agonists and beta-blockers in combination directly reduces pro-fibrotic gene expression in trabecular meshwork.

Prostaglandin analogues (PG), beta-blockers (BB) or their combination (PG+BB) are used primarily to reduce the intraocular pressure (IOP) pathologically associated with glaucoma. Since, fibrosis of the trabecular meshwork (TM) is a major aetiological factor in glaucoma, we studied the effect of these drugs on fibrosis-associated gene expression in TM of primary glaucoma patients. In the present study, TM and iris of primary open-angle (n = 32) and angle-closure (n = 37) glaucoma patients were obtained surgically during trabeculectomy and categorized based on the type of IOP-lowering medications use as PG, BB or PG+BB.

Influence of Anterior Biometry on Corneal Biomechanical Stiffness of Glaucomatous Eyes Treated With Chronic Medication or Filtration Surgery.

Unlabelled: PRéCIS:: Anterior chamber depth, IOP, and thickness confounded the assessment of corneal biomechanical properties with noncontact applanation in glaucoma eyes. Compared with normal eyes, glaucoma eyes, which underwent long-term treatment or filtration surgery, had similar properties.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate corneal stiffness in primary angle-closure (PACG) and primary open-angle (POAG) glaucoma eyes that were subgrouped on the basis of the type of topical medication and filtration surgery using noncontact applanation.

Femoral Tunnel Drilling Method: Risk of Reoperation and Revision After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction.

Background: The femoral tunnel in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) can be created by the transtibial (TT) or tibial-independent (TI) methods. An anatomically located femoral tunnel can be more consistently achieved by TI methods, which include the anteromedial portal and lateral (outside-in, retrodrill) techniques. Nonanatomic graft placement in ACLR can result in postoperative instability and meniscal or chondral injury.

SAPHO Syndrome Masquerading as Metastatic Breast Cancer.

SAPHO syndrome is a rare clinical entity composed of synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis, and osteitis (SAPHO). We describe a case of SAPHO syndrome masquerading as metastatic breast cancer in a patient with localized breast cancer who presented with cord compression. There was no pathologic evidence of metastatic cancer; however, a bone scan indicated osseous involvement.

Small lens for a big eye: Successful management of anterior megalophthalmos.

We report a case of anterior megalophthalmos and complicated cataract, with apparently smaller lens in both eyes. The right eye had spontaneous retinal detachment. The child underwent cataract surgery in both the eyes with retinal detachment surgery in the right eye.

Role of Age and Myopia in Simultaneous Assessment of Corneal and Extraocular Tissue Stiffness by Air-Puff Applanation.

Purpose: To assess the correlation of age and myopia with corneal and extraocular tissue stiffness derived from air-puff applanation using a composite viscoelastic model.

Methods: This retrospective, cross-sectional study evaluated 155 normal eyes (age range: 5 to 50 years) measured on Corvis ST (Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany). Manifest refraction spherical equivalent was also analyzed.

Longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis: A retrospective analysis of sixty-four patients at tertiary care center of North-West India.

Objectives: To evaluate the demographic profile, clinical presentations, laboratory parameters and etiologies of longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis (LETM) patients in Indian population.

Patients And Methods: LETM is characterized by contiguous inflammatory lesions of spinal cord extending to three or more vertebral segments. Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is the most common cause of LETM.

Diagnostic Efficacy of Normalization of Corneal Deformation Variables by the Intraocular Pressure in Glaucomatous Eyes.

Purpose: To analyze the diagnostic efficacy of normalization of corneal deformation variables by the IOP in healthy, primary-angle closure (PACG), and primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) patients.

Methods: Fifty-nine healthy, 83 POAG, and 57 PACG eyes, matched for age and pachymetry, were included in a prospective, observational, cross-sectional study. Goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT-IOP), Corvis-ST IOP, IOPg (Goldmann correlated), and IOPcc (cornea compensated) from the ocular response analyzer were acquired.

Medullary Hot-Cross Bun Sign in Multiple System Atrophy-Cerebellar.

Multiple-system atrophy (MSA) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder. It is characterized by dysfunction of multiple systems including autonomic, extrapyramidal, pyramidal and cerebellar. Pontine hot-cross bun (HCB) sign in MSA is a well-documented and highly specific entity.

A cross-sectional study to compare intraocular pressure measurement by sequential use of Goldman applanation tonometry, dynamic contour tonometry, ocular response analyzer, and Corvis ST.

Objective: To study the correlation and effect of sequential measurement of intraocular pressure (IOP) with Goldmann applanation tonometer (GAT), ocular response analyzer (ORA), dynamic contour tonometer (DCT), and Corvis ST.

Setting And Design: Observational cross-sectional series from the comprehensive clinic of a tertiary eye care center seen during December 2012.

Methods: One hundred and twenty-five study eyes of 125 patients with normal IOP and biomechanical properties underwent IOP measurement on GAT, DCT, ORA, and Corvis ST; in four different sequences.

A rare association of tuberculous longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis (LETM) with brain tuberculoma.

Background: Longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis is characterized by contiguous inflammatory lesion of spinal cord involving three or more spinal segments. It is a well-recognized but rare presentation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.

Case Description: We report a case of young boy diagnosed with multiple brain tuberculomas.