Utilization of labor pain management methods and associated factors among obstetric care givers at public health institutions of East Gojjam Zone, Amhara region, Ethiopia, 2020: a facility based cross - sectional study.

Background: Labor Pain is "unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, affects parturient and fetuses'. Developed countries regularly use obstetric analgesia but in developing countries, including Ethiopia pain is neglected and most women go through painful labor. The study was conducted in public health institutions of East Gojjam Zone; Amhara region, Ethiopia.

A prospective follow-up study on how long newborns are fasting in Debre Markos Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia, 2020.

Background: At birth, continuous flow of nutrients to the fetus in utero interrupted due to cut of the route /umbilical cord/. Instead of the cord, breast-mouth connection will be the next route in the extra uterine life. Nevertheless, limited data in our locality show the duration for how long immediate newborns are fasting.