Boar semen cryopreservation: State of the art, and international trade vision.

Biosecurity is a major concern in the global pig production. The separation in time of semen collection, processing and insemination in the pig farm is a few days for chilled semen but it can be indefinite when using cryopreserved semen. Field fertility results of boar cryopreserved semen are close to chilled semen, which makes it a valuable resource for the establishment of semen genebanks, long-distance semen trade, and the implementation of other technologies such as the sex-sorted semen.

Frequent Emergence of Resistance Mutations Following Complex Intra-Host Genomic Dynamics in SARS-CoV-2 Patients Receiving Sotrovimab.

The emergence of the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 represented a challenge to the treatment of COVID-19 using monoclonal antibodies. Only Sotrovimab maintained partial activity, allowing it to be used in high-risk patients infected with the Omicron variant. However, reports of resistance mutations to Sotrovimab demand efforts to better understand the intra-patient emergence of Sotrovimab resistance.

Efficacy and safety of dolutegravir/rilpivirine in real-world clinical practice. GeSIDA study 1119.

Introduction: Dolutegravir/rilpivirine (DTG/RPV) is an effective antiretroviral (ART) regimen endorsed by clinical trials as a switch therapy. The aim of our study was to analyse the efficacy and safety of DTG/RPV in real-world clinical practice.

Methods: Observational, multicentre study of patients who started DTG/RPV.

48-Week effectiveness and tolerability of dolutegravir (DTG) + lamivudine (3TC) in antiretroviral-naïve adults living with HIV: A multicenter real-life cohort.

Background: The main international guidelines indicate DTG/3TC therapy as one of the preferred regimens for people living with HIV (PLWH), due to its observed efficacy in randomized clinical trials. However, information in real-life cohorts is relatively scarce for first-line use.

Methods: A retrospective multicenter study of adult PLWH starting DTG+3TC as a first-line regimen before January 31st, 2020.

Post-COVID-19 syndrome. SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection in plasma, stool, and urine in patients with persistent symptoms after COVID-19.

Background: There is a paucity of knowledge on the long-term outcome in patients diagnosed with COVID-19. We describe a cohort of patients with a constellation of symptoms occurring four weeks after diagnosis causing different degrees of reduced functional capacity. Although different hypothesis have been proposed to explain this condition like persistent immune activation or immunological dysfunction, to date, no physiopathological mechanism has been identified.

Direct economic losses of Toxoplasma gondii abortion outbreaks in two Spanish sheep flocks.

This study estimates the economic losses due to outbreaks of toxoplasma abortions in a dairy (1928 sheep) and a meat (700 sheep) flock in Spain raised under intensive and semi-extensive management conditions, respectively. In both flocks, sheep were divided into multiple groups to synchronise reproduction. The outbreaks resulted in abortion rates in individual lots of 12.

Complete Analysis of the Epidemiological Scenario around a SARS-CoV-2 Reinfection: Previous Infection Events and Subsequent Transmission.

The first descriptions of reinfection by SARS-CoV-2 have been recently reported. However, these studies focus exclusively on the reinfected case, without considering the epidemiological context of the event. Our objectives were to perform a complete analysis of the sequential infections and community transmission events around a SARS-CoV-2 reinfection, including the infection events preceding it, the exposure, and subsequent transmissions.

COVID-19 in hospitalised patients in Spain: a cohort study in Madrid.

Few large series describe the clinical characteristics, outcomes and costs of COVID-19 in Western countries. This cohort reports the first 1255 adult cases receiving anti-COVID-19 treatment at a Spanish hospital (1-24 March 2020). Treatment costs were calculated.

Prognostic value of liver stiffness in HIV/HCV-Coinfected patients with decompensated cirrhosis.

Background: Little is known about the utility of transient elastography (TE) for assessing the prognosis of patients with decompensated cirrhosis (DC).

Methods: We analyzed HIV/HCV-coinfected patients with DC who underwent TE as part of their routine follow-up between 2006 and 2015. We also calculated the liver stiffness spleen diameter-to-platelet score (LSPS), FIB-4 index, albumin, MELD score, and Child-Pugh score.

ADAR1 polymorphisms are related to severity of liver fibrosis in HIV/HCV-coinfected patients.

The adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR1) gene is an interferon-stimulated gene involved in liver injury protection. Our aim was to analyze the association of polymorphisms within this gene with the severity of liver disease in European HIV/HCV-coinfected patients. We performed a cross-sectional study in 220 patients that underwent a liver biopsy.

Mx1, OAS1 and OAS2 polymorphisms are associated with the severity of liver disease in HIV/HCV-coinfected patients: A cross-sectional study.

The mechanisms involved in the chronic hepatitis C progression are incompletely understood. The aim was to analyze the association between 2'5'oligoadenylate synthetase 1,2 and 3 (OAS1-3) and myxovirus resistance proteins 1 (Mx1) polymorphisms and severity of liver disease in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfected patients. We performed a cross-sectional study in 219 patients that underwent a liver biopsy.

Relationship of TRIM5 and TRIM22 polymorphisms with liver disease and HCV clearance after antiviral therapy in HIV/HCV coinfected patients.

Background And Aims: TRIM5 and TRIM22 are restriction factors involved in innate immune response and exhibit anti-viral activity. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at TRIM5 and TRIM22 genes have shown to influence several viral infections such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B, as well as measles and rubella vaccination. The aim of this study is to analyze whether TRIM5 and TRIM22 polymorphisms are associated with liver fibrosis inflammation-related biomarkers and response to pegylated-interferon-alpha plus ribavirin (pegIFNα/RBV) therapy in HIV/hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfected patients.

Soluble Adhesion Molecules in Patients Coinfected with HIV and HCV: A Predictor of Outcome.

Background: Higher serum levels of adhesion molecules (sICAM-1 and sVCAM-1) are associated with advanced liver fibrosis in patients coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C virus. We assessed the relationship between serum levels of adhesion molecules and liver-related events (LRE) or death, in coinfected patients.

Methods: We studied clinical characteristics and outcomes of 182 coinfected patients with a baseline liver biopsy (58 with advanced fibrosis) and simultaneous plasma samples who were followed for median of 9 years.

Impact of patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3 gene polymorphism (rs738409) on severity of liver disease in HIV/hepatitis C virus-coinfected patients.

Objective: To analyze the association between patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3 gene (PNPLA3) rs738409 polymorphism and severity of liver disease in HIV/hepatitis C virus-coinfected patients.

Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study of 215 patients who underwent a liver biopsy. PNPLA3 rs738409 polymorphism was genotyped using GoldenGate assay.

Association between IL7R polymorphisms and severe liver disease in HIV/HCV coinfected patients: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Interleukin-7 (IL-7) is a critical factor for T cell development and for maintaining and restoring homeostasis of mature T cells. Polymorphisms at α-chain of the IL-7 receptor (IL7R or CD127) gene are related to evolution of HIV-infection, but there are no data concerning the evolution of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. The aim of this study was to analyze the association between IL7R polymorphisms and severe liver disease in HCV/HIV coinfected patients.

Single nucleotide polymorphisms of CXCL9-11 chemokines are associated with liver fibrosis in HIV/HCV-coinfected patients.

Background: CXCR3A-associated chemokines (CXCL9-11) are implicated in the pathogenesis of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. We analyzed the association between CXCL9-11 polymorphisms and significant liver fibrosis in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/HCV-coinfected patients.

Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study in 220 patients who were genotyped for CXCL9-11 polymorphisms (CXCL9 rs10336, CXCL10 rs3921, and CXCL11 rs4619915) using GoldenGate assay.

FTO rs9939609 polymorphism is associated with metabolic disturbances and response to HCV therapy in HIV/HCV-coinfected patients.

Background: The Fat Mass and Obesity-Associated Protein (FTO) gene rs9939609 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) has been associated with obesity, metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance (IR), and type 2 diabetes mellitus in the general population. The aim of our study was to examine for the first time the association of the rs9939609 polymorphism with metabolic disturbances, liver disease and virologic response to hepatitis C virus (HCV) therapy with pegylated-interferon-alpha plus ribavirin (pegIFNα/RBV) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/HCV coinfected patients.

Methods: We carried out a cross-sectional study in 261 patients, of whom 178 were subsequently treated with pegIFNα/RBV therapy.

Association between IL7RA polymorphisms and the successful therapy against HCV in HIV/HCV-coinfected patients.

Interleukin-7 (IL-7) is a critical factor in maintaining or inducing effective antiviral CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses. The aim of this study was to examine the association of interleukin-7 receptor-α (IL7RA) polymorphisms with a sustained virologic response (SVR) after hepatitis C virus (HCV) therapy with pegylated interferon-alpha plus ribavirin (pegIFNα/ribavirin) in 177 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/HCV-coinfected patients. We performed a retrospective study in 177 naïve patients who started HCV treatment.

CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11 polymorphisms are associated with sustained virologic response in HIV/HCV-coinfected patients.

Background: The CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11 (CXCL9-11) chemokines play a critical role in eradication of hepatitis C virus (HCV), although HCV-specific immunity often fails to eradicate the HCV, allowing the chronicity of hepatitis C.

Objective: To examine the association between CXCL9-11 polymorphisms and the sustained virological response (SVR) following hepatitis C virus (HCV) therapy with pegylated-interferon-alpha plus ribavirin in HIV/HCV-coinfected patients.

Study Design: We performed a retrospective study in 176 naïve patients who started HCV treatment.

Prediction of liver complications in patients with hepatitis C virus-related cirrhosis with and without HIV coinfection: comparison of hepatic venous pressure gradient and transient elastography.

Background:  Hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) is the best indicator of prognosis in patients with compensated cirrhosis. We compared HVPG and transient elastography (TE) for the prediction of liver-related events (LREs) in patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related cirrhosis with or without human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection.

Methods:  This was a retrospective review of all consecutive patients with compensated HCV-related cirrhosis who were assessed simultaneously using TE and HVPG between January 2005 and December 2011.

Protease inhibitors as preferred initial regimen for antiretroviral-naive HIV patients.

At present, the majority of patients who have initiated their first antiretroviral therapy have received a combination comprising a nonnucleoside and two nucleoside analogues. The use of nonnucleosides as first-line therapy has been favored for their more convenient dosing, with less pill numbers, and the possibility of co-formulation with nucleoside analogues. Although protease inhibitors are also considered to be a preferred standard, they have been less frequently used as first regimen of choice because of their adverse effects in the short to medium term.