Irrigant dynamics of a back-to-back double side-vented needle in root canals with various tapers: a computational fluid dynamics study.

Understanding the apical pressure and irrigant flow patterns in root canals is crucial for safe and effective irrigation. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the flow characteristics of irrigants in root canal models with varying tapers during final irrigation by employing various needle designs, including a back-to-back double-side-vented needle, through computational fluid dynamics. The root canal model was configured as a closed geometrical cone with a simulated apical zone (size 30) and features tapers of 4%, 6%, and 8%.