Use of Artificial Intelligence in Lower Gastrointestinal and Small Bowel Disorders: An Update Beyond Polyp Detection.

Machine learning and its specialized forms, such as Artificial Neural Networks and Convolutional Neural Networks, are increasingly being used for detecting and managing gastrointestinal conditions. Recent advancements involve using Artificial Neural Network models to enhance predictive accuracy for severe lower gastrointestinal (LGI) bleeding outcomes, including the need for surgery. To this end, artificial intelligence (AI)-guided predictive models have shown promise in improving management outcomes.

Per-oral cholangioscopy in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis: a 12-month follow-up study.

Patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) have a 9% to 20% lifetime incidence of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). Per-oral cholangioscopy (POCS) added to endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC) could potentially improve detection of CCA occurrence. We prospectively assessed POCS identification of 12-month CCA incidence in PSC patients undergoing ERC.

Intra-ampullary papillary-tubular neoplasm.

Video 1Cholangioscopic examination of the ampullary channel and extrahepatic bile duct.

Effect of Acrylic Removable Partial Denture in Caries Prevalence Among Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Patients.

Background: Dental caries is the most prevalent dental disease affecting human race. The etiology and pathogenesis of dental caries are known to be multifactorial. Studies have shown that removable partial dentures in the oral cavity increases the biofilm formation and consequently an increase in the occurrence of caries and periodontal diseases.

Evaluation of dentinal crack propagation, amount of gutta percha remaining and time required during removal of gutta percha using two different rotary instruments and hand instruments - An study.

Background: One of the most important goal of non surgical endodontic retreatment is the successful removal of gutta percha and sealers from the root canal system. A variety of techniques have been recommended for retreatment procedures for the removal of gutta-percha and sealers with or without the help of adjunctive chemical solvents, by using stainless steel hand files or nickel-titanium rotary files, gate glidden burs, heated instruments, ultrasonic instruments, and lasers 1,3. The current advancements in the design of NiTi instruments have proved efficacious in the removal of filling materials from the root canal wall and various studies have also confirmed their cleaning ability and efficacy 4,5.

Cholangiocarcinoma obscured by a large paraesophageal hernia causing traction compression of the common hepatic duct ultimately diagnosed with percutaneous cholangioscopy.

Video 1Case presentation including cross-sectional imaging, percutaneous cholangiogram, percutaneous cholangioscopy, and histopathology of cholangioscopy-directed biopsies.

Optimizing the Diagnosis and Biomarker Testing for Patients with Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: A Multidisciplinary Approach.

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a heterogenous group of malignancies originating in the biliary tree, and associated with poor prognosis. Until recently, treatment options have been limited to surgical resection, liver-directed therapies, and chemotherapy. Identification of actionable genomic alterations with biomarker testing has revolutionized the treatment paradigm for these patients.

Role of Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography in the Diagnosis and Management of Cholestatic Liver Diseases.

Cholestatic liver diseases (CLDs) occur as a result of bile duct injury, emanating into duct obstruction and bile stasis. Advances in radiological imaging in the last decade has replaced endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) as the first diagnostic tool, except in certain groups of patients, such as those with ischemic cholangiopathy (IsC) or early stages of primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). ERCP provides an opportunity for targeted tissue acquisition for histopathological evaluation and carries a diverse therapeutic profile to restore bile flow.

Cholangioscopy in primary sclerosing cholangitis: a case series of benign features.

Background And Aims: Cholangioscopy is useful in establishing a visual diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), but this is harder to achieve in primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) because of the stricture-forming nature of the disease. Furthermore, it can be harder to differentiate malignant from benign features of the underlying inflammation. This case series demonstrates the varied features of nonmalignant inflammatory findings in PSC.

Disposable digital percutaneous cholangioscope-aided retrieval of a plastic biliary stent after failed retrieval at ERCP.

Video 1Cholangioscopy, fluoroscopy, and endoscopy of the percutaneous retrieval of a biliary stent across an iatrogenic common hepatic duct stricture due to surgical staples.

Cholangioscopy in primary sclerosing cholangitis: a case series of dominant strictures and cholangiocarcinoma.

Background And Aims: Prompt and accurate differentiation of benign and malignant strictures in primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is crucial. ERCP with brush cytology, the most common modality to achieve this, is hindered by a low diagnostic yield. Cholangioscopy can overcome this limitation by establishing a visual diagnosis based on the characteristic morphologic features of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) and can aid in targeted biopsies of suspicious lesions.

Multicenter experience with digital single-operator cholangioscopy in pregnant patients.

 The use of fluoroscopy during pregnancy should be minimized given that a clear-cut safe radiation dose in pregnancy is unknown. The role of digital single-operator cholangioscopy (D-SOC) as an alternative to standard enodoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in pregnant patients has not been comprehensively studied. This study assessed 1 Technical success defined as performance of ERCP with D-SOC without the use of fluoroscopy in pregnant patients; 2 safety of D-SOC in pregnancy; and 3 maternal and neonatal outcomes after D-SOC during/after pregnancy.

Cholangioscopy and its Role in Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis.

Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a cholestatic liver disease characterised by chronic inflammation and fibro-obliteration of the intrahepatic and/or extrahepatic bile ducts. It is associated with numerous hepatobiliary complications including an increased risk of malignancy (in particular, cholangiocarcinoma) and biliary tract stone formation. The evaluation of biliary strictures in patients with PSC is especially challenging, with imaging and endoscopic methods having only modest sensitivity for the diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma, and treatment of biliary strictures poses a similarly significant clinical challenge.

Impact of EMR Automated Results Routing Tool Implementation on Notification of Inpatient Endoscopy Biopsy Results.

Background: Mucosal biopsies are often obtained during inpatient endoscopies to aid diagnosis. Up to 75% of patients are reported to have pending test results at discharge. Incomplete result communication to patients can lead to patient anxiety and poor outcomes.

Comparison of colon adenoma detection rates using cap-assisted and Endocuff-assisted colonoscopy: a randomized controlled trial.

 Colonoscopy prevents colorectal cancer by removing adenomatous polyps, but missed adenomas lead to interval cancers. Different devices have been used to increase adenoma detection rates (ADR). Two such devices of interest are the transparent cap (Olympus) and Endocuff (ARC Medical).

Clinical impact of digital cholangioscopy in management of indeterminate biliary strictures and complex biliary stones: a single-center study.

Aims: Endoscopic management of indeterminate strictures and complex stones remains a challenge, for which the latest generation single-operator digital cholangioscope (SpyGlass DS) has shown promising results. We aimed to study the clinical impact of single-operator digital cholangioscope at our tertiary academic center.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed all digital cholangioscopies performed from June 2015 to May 2018.

Synthesis, Structural, DNA Binding and Cleavage Studies of Cu(II) Complexes Containing Benzothiazole Cored Schiff Bases.

Novel benzothiazole Schiff bases L [1-((4,6-difluorobenzo[d]thiazol-2-ylimino)methyl) naphthalen-2-ol], L [3-((4,6-difluorobenzo[d]thiazol-2-ylimino) methyl)benzene-1,2-diol], L [2-((4,6-difluorobenzo[d]thiazol-2-ylimino)methyl)-5-methoxyphenol], L [2-((4,6-difluorobenzo[d]thiazol-2-ylimino)methyl)-4-chlorophenol] and their binary Cu(II) complexes were synthesized. The structures of all the compounds have been discussed on the basis of elemental analysis, FT-IR, NMR, UV-Visible, ESI-Mass, TGA, ESR, SEM, powder XRD and magnetic moments. Based on the analytical and spectral data a square planar geometry has been assigned to all complexes in which the Schiff bases act as monobasic bidentate ligands, coordinating through the azomethine nitrogen and phenolic oxygen atom.

DNA interaction, antimicrobial studies of newly synthesized copper (II) complexes with 2-amino-6-(trifluoromethoxy)benzothiazole Schiff base ligands.

Four novel Schiff base ligands, L (1-((E)-(6-(trifluoromethoxy)benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylimino)methyl)naphthalen-2-ol, CHFNOS), L (3-((E)-(6-(trifluoromethoxy)benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylimino)methyl)benzene-1,2-diol, CHFNOS), L (2-((E)-(6-(trifluoromethoxy)benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylimino)methyl)-5-methoxyphenol, CHFNOS) and L (2-((E)-(6-(trifluoromethoxy)benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylimino)methyl)-4-bromophenol, CHBrFNOS) and their binary copper(II) complexes 1 [Cu(L)], 2 [Cu(L)], 3 [Cu(L)] and 4 [Cu(L)] have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, H NMR, C NMR, ESI mass, FT-IR, ESR, UV-Visible, magnetic susceptibility, TGA, SEM and powder XRD studies. Based on spectral and analytical data, a square planar geometry is assigned for all Cu(II) complexes. The ligands and their Cu(II) complexes have been screened for antimicrobial activity against bacterial species E.