DNA Profiling in Forensic Science: A Review.

DNA is present in most of the cells in our body, which is unique in each and every individual, and we leave a trail of it everywhere we go. This has become an advantage for forensic investigators who use DNA to draw conclusion in identification of victim and accused in crime scenes. This review described the use of genetic markers in forensic investigation and their limitations.

Evaluation of Serum Immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA, IgM) and Circulating Immune Complexes in Oral Precancer and Cancer Patients.

 The aim of the present study is to evaluate the role of immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG, and IgM) and circulating immune complexes (CIC) as tumor marker in oral cancer and precancer patients.  The present study was performed on 45 individuals subdivided into three groups, that is, oral precancer, oral cancer and healthy individuals, and levels of immunoglobulins, and CIC was estimated by turbidometry and ELISA method.  In the present study, the mean serum IgA levels in oral precancer were 161.

Individuals Age Determination from Human Dental Pulp Through DNA Analysis by PCR.

 Age estimation in forensic odontology is having a great importance in recent times because of the request by court or other government authorities so that immigrants whose real age is unknown should not suffer unfair disadvantages because of their supposed age, and so that all legal procedures to which an individual's age is relevant can be properly followed.  The present study was planned to be conducted on pulp tissue and dental hard tissues derived from individuals for DNA isolation and age determination .  The present study was an experimental single-blinded study consisting of 30 extracted teeth categorized into three groups as follows: Group A: 10 to 20 years, Group B: 21 to 30 years, Group C: 31 to 40 years.

Genetic Disorders of Bone or Osteodystrophies of Jaws-A Review.

Bone is a specialized form of connective tissue, which is mineralized and made up of approximately 28% type I collagen and 5% noncollagenous matrix proteins. The properties of bone are very remarkable, because it is a dynamic tissue, undergoing constant renewal in response to mechanical, nutritional, and hormonal influences. In 1978, "The International Nomenclature of Constitutional Diseases of Bone" divided bone disorders into two broad groups: osteochondrodysplasias and dysostoses.

Evaluation of the Secretor Status of ABO Blood Group Antigens in Saliva using Absorption Inhibition Method.

 While DNA profiling has become the principal technique for individualization of biological evidences, ABO blood grouping is still a useful test method in the initial stages of crime investigation. Objectives of the study were blood group determination using slide agglutination method, blood group determination from saliva using absorption inhibition method, and comparison of slide agglutination method with that of absorption inhibition method from saliva sample.  A total of 60 subjects were taken randomly with their age ranging from 20 to 60 years.

Impact of ERCC2 Gene Polymorphisms on OSCC Susceptibility and Clinical Characteristics.

 DNA repair systems play an important role in maintaining the integrity of the human genome. Deficiency in the repair capacity due to either mutations or inherited polymorphisms in DNA repair genes may contribute to variations in the DNA repair capacity and subsequently susceptibility to cancer.  This study aimed to investigate the association between Excision repair cross-complementation groups 2 (ERCC2) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs rs1799793 and rs13181) and the response to platinum-based chemotherapy among patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).

Comparison of Gender Determination from Dental Pulp and Dentin after Exposure to Various Environmental Conditions: A Polymerase Chain Reaction-based SRY Gene Study.

Purpose: Sex determination becomes the first priority by a forensic investigator in the process of identification of bodies mutilated beyond recognition due to mass disasters. Sex-determining region Y (SRY) gene is used as a sex-typing marker as the results are said to be 100% accurate. Therefore, an experimental study was conducted to rule out the possibility of the presence of SRY gene in tooth pulp and dentin after being exposed to various environments.

Gingival calcifying epithelial tumor - a rare case report.

Calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumors are rare odontogenic neoplasms that account for approximately one percent of all odontogenic tumors. Extra osseous variant is very rare with very few cases being reported in literature Peripheral Calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor (CEOT) commonly resemble oral hyperplastic or reactive lesions and are histologically similar to their intraosseous counterparts. Here we report a rare case of gingival calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor in the mandibular posterior region in a 31 year old female patient.

Intramedullary osteosarcoma of the mandible: a clinicoradiologic perspective.

Osteosarcoma is a non-hematopoietic primary malignant tumor of bone or mesenchymal tissue. Although osteosarcoma is not a common malignant bone tumor, accounting for approximately 20% of sarcomas, tumor of the jaw bone is uncommon, representing only about 4% of osteosarcomas of long bones. We report a case of a 72-year-old female with a swelling on the left side of the mandible and intra-oral swelling on the floor of the mouth.

Melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy: A rare case report with differential diagnosis and review of the literature.

Melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy is a very rare benign but locally aggressive neoplasm of neural crest origin with a high recurrence rate. It usually affects infants of less than 1 year of age. Most commonly, the lesion affects the maxilla followed by skull, mandible, brain and other extracranial sites.