Emergency department ophthalmoscopy: physician confidence and clinical practices.

Objectives: Fundoscopy is crucial in the emergency department to identify or rule out serious ocular and neurological conditions. Despite its clinical importance, fundoscopy is often omitted due to the technical challenges associated with traditional direct ophthalmoscopy, particularly for non-ophthalmologists. This study examines emergency physicians' practices, confidence levels, and training related to various modalities of fundoscopy including traditional direct ophthalmoscopes, binocular indirect ophthalmoscopes, panoptic ophthalmoscopes, slit lamp fundoscopy and fundus cameras; and explores the potential role of alternative modalities, such as fundus cameras, in Canadian emergency departments.

Virtual follow-up after cataract surgery: systematic review.

Topic: To examine the association between virtual postoperative follow-up care and patient outcomes after cataract surgery.

Clinical Relevance: Cataract surgery is a safe and commonly performed surgery. Follow-up visits are used to monitor for complications.

Screening for asymptomatic nephrolithiasis in primary hyperparathyroidism patients is warranted.

Background: We aimed to investigate the prevalence, characteristics, and management of nephrolithiasis in primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) patients.

Methods: Medical records of patients who underwent parathyroidectomy at a tertiary care hospital in British Columbia from January 2016 to April 2023 were retrospectively reviewed. Demographic data, laboratory results, imaging reports, and urologic consultations were examined.

Retrocorneal fibrous membrane after phacoemulsification in an eye with pseudoexfoliative glaucoma.

Objective: To report a case of a retrocorneal fibrous membrane and corneal decompensation following uncomplicated phacoemulsification in an eye with pseudoexfoliative glaucoma.

Method: Case report and literature review.

Results: A monocular 83-year-old female developed corneal decompensation 1 year after uncomplicated cataract extraction via phacoemulsification.

Face and Content Validity of an Artificial Eye Model for Secondary Intraocular Lens Fixation via Yamane Technique.

Purpose: To assess the face and content validity of an artificial eye model for secondary intraocular lens (IOL) fixation via the Yamane technique.

Methods: Ophthalmologists and residents participated in a 90-minute simulation session on secondary IOL fixation via the Yamane technique. Hands-on practice of this technique was performed on an artificial eye, the Bioniko Okulo BR8.

Comparison of 3D heads-up display system with conventional surgical microscopy for minimally invasive glaucoma surgery on an artificial eye model.

Objective: To survey ophthalmic surgeons' opinions comparing a novel three-dimensional (3D) heads-up display system with a conventional surgical microscopy for minimally invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS) on an artificial eye model.

Materials And Methods: Twenty-one ophthalmologists at the 2021 Canadian Ophthalmological Society Annual Meeting in Halifax, Nova Scotia, underwent a 90-minute skills-transfer course on MIGS. Using an artificial eye model (SimulEYE iTrack Model; InsEYE LLC, Westlake Village, Calif.

Ocular surface squamous neoplasia in a patient following oral steroids for contralateral necrotising scleritis.

A male patient in his 70s presented with left eye necrotising scleritis. His ocular history was significant for pterygium excision with mitomycin C 3 months prior in the affected eye, open-angle glaucoma, nuclear sclerosis cataract and previous sixth cranial nerve palsy. Scleral culture was negative and blood work was positive for rheumatoid factor and HLA-B27.

High transferrin saturation predicts inferior clinical outcomes in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes.

Iron overload (IO) reflected by elevated ferritin is associated with increased mortality in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), however, ferritin is an imperfect metric. Elevated labile plasma iron correlates with clinical outcomes and transferrin saturation (TSAT) >80%, but is not readily measurable. The trajectory of TSAT, and its association with clinical outcomes remain undefined.

Mechanisms of Pulse Modulated Holmium:YAG Lithotripsy.

This study aimed at answering three research questions: (1) Under the experimental conditions studied, what is the dominant mechanism of Holmium:YAG lithotripsy with or without pulse modulation? (2) Under what circumstances can laser pulse modulation increase crater volume of stone ablation per joule of emitted radiant energy? (3) Are BegoStone phantoms a suitable model for laser lithotripsy studies? The research questions were addressed by ablation experiments with BegoStone phantoms and native stones. Experiments were performed under three stone conditions: dry stones in air, hydrated stones in air, and hydrated stones in water. Single pulses with and without pulse modulation were applied.

Broadband performance limits of ultra-thin lenses using time-domain analysis.

Thin lenses of sufficient diameter and focusing power cannot fully compensate for variation in free-space time of flight to maintain and focus an intact wavefront and instead combine successive wavefronts. The limited temporal coherence of broadband light reduces the effectiveness of such interference. Using effective medium theory and scalar diffraction we exploit time-domain analysis to show that the temporal coherence of illumination imposes hard limits on the performance of thin lenses as measured by the Strehl ratio.

Does early intervention improve outcomes for patients with acute ureteral colic?

Objectives: Early surgical intervention is increasingly employed for patients with ureteral colic, but guidelines and current practice are variable. We compared 60-day outcomes for matched patients undergoing early intervention vs. spontaneous passage.

Suboptimal iron deficiency screening in pregnancy and the impact of socioeconomic status in a high-resource setting.

Iron deficiency (ID) anemia in pregnancy is associated with poor maternal and childhood outcomes, yet ferritin testing, the standard test for ID, is not considered part of routine prenatal bloodwork in Canada. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 44 552 pregnant patients with prenatal testing at community laboratories in Ontario, Canada, to determine the prevalence of ferritin testing over 5 years. Secondary objectives were to determine the prevalence and severity of ID and to identify clinical and demographic variables that influence the likelihood of ID screening.

Hydronephrosis severity clarifies prognosis and guides management for emergency department patients with acute ureteral colic.

Objective: In emergency department patients with ureteral colic, the prognostic value of hydronephrosis is unclear. Our goal was to determine whether hydronephrosis can differentiate low-risk patients appropriate for trial of spontaneous passage from those with clinically important stones likely to experience passage failure.

Methods: We used administrative data and structured chart review to evaluate a consecutive cohort of patients with ureteral stones who had a CT at nine Canadian hospitals in two cities.

Which Patients Should Have Early Surgical Intervention for Acute Ureteral Colic?

Purpose: Early surgical intervention is an attractive option for acute ureteral colic but existing evidence does not clarify which patients benefit. We compared treatment failure rates in patients receiving early intervention and patients offered spontaneous passage to identify subgroups that benefit from early intervention.

Materials And Methods: We used administrative data and structured chart review to study consecutive patients attending 9 emergency departments in 2 Canadian provinces with confirmed 2.

Pulse modulation with Moses technology improves popcorn laser lithotripsy.

Purpose: Moses™ technology has been developed to improve holmium laser fragmentation at 1-2 mm distance from the stone. Because popcorn lithotripsy is a non-contact technique, we compared short pulse (SP) and Moses distance (MD) modes in an in vitro model.

Methods: BegoStones were fragmented using a 120 W Ho:YAG laser (P120 Moses) and a 230 μm core fiber introduced through a ureteroscope.

Risk factors associated with severity of dry eye syndrome in ocular graft-versus-host disease.

Objective: The aim of this study was to identify risk factors for the development of severe dry eye syndrome (DES) in patients with ocular graft-versus-host disease (oGVHD).

Design: Retrospective Chart Review.

Participants: Patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation at the British Columbia Cancer Agency between 2011 and 2013.

Phasor field waves: a mathematical treatment.

Non-line-of-sight imaging can use modulated sources to preserve phase information at the modulation wavelength through a scattering interaction with a diffuser or an optically rough wall that scrambles the optical phase. Reza, et al. formulated the preserved information as a phasor field propagation [Opt.