Impact of driving characteristic parameters and vehicle type on fuel consumption and emissions performance over real driving cycles.

With the growing need for sustainable transportation solutions, understanding the relationship between driving characteristic parameters, vehicle type, and their impact on emissions and fuel consumption over real driving scenarios is becoming increasingly important. In this paper, four conventional vehicles and one hybrid vehicle with different technologies were compared in four distinct routes in Tehran city. Nineteen real driving cycles were generated using widely employed K-means and PCA algorithms.

Production and functional analysis of a phage displayed scFv recombinant antibody targeting EGFR/HER2 dimerization domain.

Background: Tumor cells exploit epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family to develop resistance against therapeutic antibodies, such as Herceptin. Upon ligand binding, dimerization between EGFR and HER2 is one of the most important causes of treatment failure in breast cancer and other cancers expressing EGFR and HER2. The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate the function of a human recombinant single-chain variable fragment (scFv) antibody against the dimerization domain of EGFR to inhibit its interaction with other members of the epidermal growth factor receptor family, especially HER2.

Translation, Cross-Cultural Adaptation, Reliability, and Validity of the Persian Version of the Neck Outcome Score Questionnaire in Iranian Patients With Nonspecific Neck Pain.

Objective: The primary purpose of this study was to translate and culturally adapt the neck outcome score (NOOS) questionnaire into Persian language and investigate its reliability and validity.

Methods: The NOOS questionnaire was translated into Persian language and culturally adapted according to American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons guidelines. One hundred four patients with nonspecific neck pain were requested to complete the Persian version of the NOOS questionnaire, 36-item short form survey (SF-36), and neck disability index (NDI) questionnaire.

Design, synthesis, and evaluation of novel substituted imidazo[1,2-c]quinazoline derivatives as potential α-glucosidase inhibitors with bioactivity and molecular docking insights.

α-Glucosidase inhibitors are important in the treatment of type 2 diabetes by regulating blood glucose levels and reducing carbohydrate absorption. The present study focuses on identifying new inhibitors bearing imidazo[1,2-c]quinazoline backbone through multi-step synthesis. The inhibitory potencies of the novel derivatives were tested against Saccharomyces cerevisiae α-glucosidase, revealing IC values ranging from 50.

Design, synthesis, and cytotoxic activity of 2-amino-1,4-naphthoquinone-benzamide derivatives as apoptosis inducers.

A new series of 2-amino-1,4-naphthoquinone-benzamides 5a-n was designed based on previously reported potent cytotoxic agents. These compounds were synthesized from the reaction of 1,4-naphthoquinone, 4-aminobenzoic acid, and appropriate amine derivatives in good yields. Cytotoxic activities of the target compounds 5a-n were evaluated against three cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231, SUIT-2, and HT-29 by MTT assay and the obtained in vitro data.

The mutual effect of progesterone and vitamin D in an animal model of peripheral nerve injury.

Background And Purpose: Experimental and clinical studies have shown the potential role of progesterone in relieving neural injury. In addition, emerging data on vitamin D, a steroid hormone, have shown its neuroprotective properties. This study was designed to evaluate the mutual effect of vitamin D and progesterone on neuropathic pain (NP) in male rats.

The Association of Vascular Loops within the Internal Auditory Meatus or Contacting the Vestibulo-Cochlear Nerve with Audiovestibular Symptoms: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background: Intrameatal vascular loops (IVL) entering the internal auditory meatus and neurovascular contact (NVC) with the vestibulocochlear nerve (cranial nerve [CN] VIII) have been proposed to have a relationship with audiovestibular symptoms.

Purpose: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine whether the presence of IVLs and CN VIII NVC on MRI is associated with tinnitus, sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), or vertigo and any specific subtypes.

Data Sources: All studies comparing the presence of IVL or CN VIII NVC in ears with these audiovestibular symptoms and controls were identified through MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Web of Science Core Collection, Scopus, and the Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials databases.

Engineering the Crystalline Architecture for Enhanced Properties in Fast-Rate Processing of Poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) Nanocomposites.

Rapid cooling in fast-rate manufacturing processes such as additive manufacturing and stamp forming limits the development of crystallinity in semicrystalline polymer nanocomposites and, therefore, potential improvements in the mechanical performance. While the nucleation, chain mobility, and crystallization time from rapid cooling are known competing mechanisms in crystallization, herein we elucidate that the crystalline morphology and architecture also play a key role in tuning the mechanical performance. We explore how modifying the spherulite morphology via a cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) and graphene nanoplatelet (GNP) hybrid system in their pristine form can improve or preserve the mechanical properties of poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) nanocomposites under two extreme cooling rates (fast -460 °C/min and slow -0.

Clinical Significance of TNFSF14/LIGHT and CD160 in Gastric Cancer and Peptic Ulcer Dyspepsia.

Background: Previous studies have reported the role of the Herpes Virus Entry Mediator (HVEM) in various cancer including gastric cancer. However, the expression level and clinical significance of CD160 and Tumor Necrosis Factor Ligand Superfamily Member 14 (TNFSF14) pathways in gastric cancer and gastric dyspepsia patients have remained unexplored.

Methods: The study involved the collection of gastric tissue biopsies from 42 patients with non-ulcerative dyspepsia (NUD) as the control group, 43 gastric cancer (GC) patients, and 48 patients with peptic-ulcerative dyspepsia (PUD).

E22G Aβ40 fibril structure and kinetics illuminate how Aβ40 rather than Aβ42 triggers familial Alzheimer's.

Arctic (E22G) mutation in amyloid-β (Aβ enhances Aβ40 fibril accumulation in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Unlike sporadic AD, familial AD (FAD) patients with the mutation exhibit more Aβ40 in the plaque core. However, structural details of E22G Aβ40 fibrils remain elusive, hindering therapeutic progress.

Enhancing adsorption capacity of carbon nanotubes through sand filters for the removal of organic pollutants: a column investigation.

Dissolved organic pollutants caused by paints, detergents, herbicides, and toxins cannot be removed by conventional water treatment processes such as filtration. Different figures of activated carbon such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are substances to obliterate these contaminants. Although these CNTs have higher ability to decompose organic contaminants, using the slurry form of CNTs is not suitable due to the removal requirement at the end of the treatment procedure.

Modeling and optimization of dyeing process of polyamide 6 and woolen fabrics with plum-tree leaves using artificial intelligence.

The dyeing process of textile materials is inherently intricate, influenced by a myriad of factors, including dye concentration, dyeing time, pH level, temperature, type of dye, fiber composition, mechanical agitation, salt concentration, mordants, fixatives, water quality, dyeing method, and pre-treatment processes. The intricacy of achieving optimal settings during dyeing poses a significant challenge. In response, this study introduces a novel algorithmic approach that integrates response surface methodology (RSM), artificial neural network (ANN), and genetic algorithm (GA) techniques for the precise fine-tuning of concentration, time, pH, and temperature.

The association of osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease risk score based on the Framingham and ACC/AHA risk prediction models: a cross-sectional analysis of Bushehr Elderly Health Program.

Background: The association between osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease, two major health problems, has been reported in some studies. In this study was aimed to investigate the relationship between osteoporosis and the CVD risk score based on Framingham and American College of Cardiology and the American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) prediction models in the population over 60 years old.

Methods: A cross-sectional analysis was conducted on data from 2389 men and women participating in the Bushehr Elderly Health (BEH) program.

Continuous wavelet transform and integration of discrete wavelet transform with principal component analysis and fuzzy inference system for the simultaneous determination of ethinyl estradiol and drospirenone in combined oral contraceptives.

In this study, the spectrophotometric method integrated with continuous wavelet transform (CWT) and coupled discrete wavelet transform (DWT) with fuzzy inference system (FIS) was developed for the simultaneous determination of ethinyl estradiol (EE) and drospirenone (DP) in combined oral contraceptives (COCs). The CWT approach was performed in the linearity range of 0.6-6 µg/mL for EE and 0.

A combined landfarming-phytoremediation method to enhance remediation of mixed persistent contaminants.

Contamination of soil and water with petroleum hydrocarbons and metals can pose a significant threat to the environment and human health. This study aimed to investigate the establishment and growth of tall fescue and agropyron in two petroleum-contaminated soils (soil S and soil S) with previous landfarming treatments, and to assess the phytoremediation potential for heavy metal removal from these polluted soils. The results showed that the presence of petroleum hydrocarbons significantly (P < 0.

Effective delivery of anti-PD-L1 siRNA with human heavy chain ferritin (HFn) in acute myeloid leukemia cell lines.

Because of the high biocompatibility, self-assembly capability, and CD71-mediated endocytosis, using human heavy chain ferritin (HFn) as a nanocarrier would greatly increase therapeutic effectiveness and reduce possible adverse events. Anti-PD-L1 siRNA can downregulate the level of PD-L1 on tumor cells, resulting in the activation of effector T cells against leukemia. Therefore, this study aimed to produce the tumor-targeting siPD-L1/HFn nanocarrier.

Suitability of dyes from cinnamon bark on wool fibers using metal and bio-mordants.

Growing concern about the environmental effects of metal mordants and synthetic dyes is encouraging the use of bio-mordants and natural colorants. Cinnamon bark is a rich source of natural colorants such as cinnamaldehyde and tannins. The main purpose of this research was to study and compare the effect of bio-mordants versus metal mordants in terms of colorimetric parameters and color fastness properties of cinnamon bark on wool fibers.

The Mouse Inferior Colliculus Responds Preferentially to Non-Ultrasonic Vocalizations.

The inferior colliculus (IC), the midbrain auditory integration center, analyzes information about social vocalizations and provides substrates for higher level processing of vocal signals. We used multichannel recordings to characterize and localize responses to social vocalizations and synthetic stimuli within the IC of female and male mice, both urethane anesthetized and unanesthetized. We compared responses to ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) with other vocalizations in the mouse repertoire and related vocal responses to frequency tuning, IC subdivisions, and sex.

Preparation, Characterization and In vitro Evaluation of Insulin-PHBV Nanoparticles/Alginate Hydrogel Composite System for Prolonged Delivery of Insulin.

Purpose: In the present study, biodegradable poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) nanoparticles (NPs) containing insulin were loaded in sodium alginate/jeffamine (ALG/jeff) hydrogel for prolonged delivery of insulin. The main aim of this work was to fabricate an efficient insulin delivery system to improve patient adherence by decreasing the repetition of injections.

Methods: Swelling and morphological properties and crosslinking efficiency of ALG/jeff hydrogel were assessed.

Spatiotemporal modeling of nano-delivered chemotherapeutics for synergistic microwave ablation cancer therapy.

Background And Objective: The effectiveness of current microwave ablation (MWA) therapies is limited. Administration of thermosensitive liposomes (TSLs) which release drugs in response to heat has presented a significant potential for enhancing the efficacy of thermal ablation treatment, and the benefits of targeted drug delivery. However, a complete knowledge of the mechanobiological processes underlying the drug release process, especially the intravascular drug release mechanism and its distribution in response to MWA needs to be improved.

Exceptional Viscoelastic Properties in Graphene Oxide Films.

Materials that combine high stiffness with effective damping are in high demand across various industries. While polymers excel in damping, they often lack stiffness and thermal stability. Conversely, metals and ceramics boast high mechanical and thermal properties but lack damping.

The Mouse Inferior Colliculus Responds Preferentially to Non-Ultrasonic Vocalizations.

Unlabelled: The inferior colliculus (IC), the midbrain auditory integration center, analyzes information about social vocalizations and provides substrates for higher level processing of vocal signals. We used multi-channel recordings to characterize and localize responses to social vocalizations and synthetic stimuli within the IC of female and male mice, both urethane-anesthetized and unanesthetized. We compared responses to ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) with other vocalizations in the mouse repertoire and related vocal responses to frequency tuning, IC subdivisions, and sex.