Evaluation of Clinical Case Definitions for Respiratory Syncytial Virus Lower Respiratory Tract Infection in Young Children.

Background: Various case definitions of respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory tract infection (RSV-LRTI) are currently proposed. We assessed the performance of 3 clinical case definitions against the World Health Organization definition recommended in 2015 (WHO 2015).

Methods: In this prospective cohort study conducted in 8 countries, 2401 children were followed up for 2 years from birth.

Burden of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Related Acute Lower Respiratory Tract Infection in Hospitalized Thai Children: A 6-Year National Data Analysis.

Objectives: This study sought to determine the epidemiology, seasonal variations, morbidity, and mortality of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection among hospitalized children with lower respiratory tract infection in Thailand. In addition, we assessed the risk factors associated with severe RSV lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI)-related morbidity and mortality. Methods: The data were reviewed retrospectively from the National Health Security Office for hospitalized children younger than 18 years old diagnosed with RSV-related LRTI in Thailand, between the fiscal years of 2015 to 2020.

Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Lower Respiratory Tract Infection Determinants in Thai Hospitalized Children: National Data Analysis 2015-2020.

Background: The COVID-19 outbreak emerged in January 2020 and remains present in 2022. During this period, nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) have been used to reduce the spread of COVID-19 infection. Nationwide data analysis should be pushed as the new standard to demonstrate the impact of COVID-19 infection on other respiratory illnesses and the reliability of NPIs during treatment.

Incidence of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Lower Respiratory Tract Infections During the First 2 Years of Life: A Prospective Study Across Diverse Global Settings.

Background: The true burden of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) due to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) remains unclear. This study aimed to provide more robust, multinational data on RSV-LRTI incidence and burden in the first 2 years of life.

Methods: This prospective, observational cohort study was conducted in Argentina, Bangladesh, Canada, Finland, Honduras, South Africa, Thailand, and United States.

Immunogenicity and safety of a 12-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in infants aged 6-10 weeks: a randomized double-blind active-controlled trial.

Background: Pneumococcal diseases among children aged <5 years worldwide are associated with high annual mortality rates.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the immunogenicity and safety of GBP411, a 12-valent pneumococcal conjugant vaccine, with a dosing schedule of 2 primary doses plus 1 booster dose (2p+1) in healthy infants.

Methods: This randomized active-controlled (Prevnar 13) double-blind phase 2 trial enrolled healthy subjects aged 6-10 weeks.

Practical considerations of nebulized corticosteroid in children with acute asthmatic exacerbation: A consensus.

Background: Acute asthmatic exacerbation in children causes economic burdens both directly and indirectly. The GINA guideline does mention the use of inhaled or oral corticosteroids in the treatment of asthmatic exacerbation, it provides little practical guidance on the use of nebulized corticosteroid.

Objective: To review and recommend the practical considerations in the use of nebulized corticosteroid in children with acute asthmatic exacerbation.

Assessment of small airway function and reversibility in symptom-controlled asthma in pediatric patients.

Background: The goals of asthma management aim to control the symptoms and minimize future risk. There is, however, an option to stop controller medication if the patient has been well-controlled for at least 6-12 months. To assess control, both clinical symptom assessment and lung function should be monitored periodically.

COMPARISONS OF THE CLINICAL FEATURES AND OUTCOMES OF CHILDREN PRESENTING WITH INFLUENZA-LIKE ILLNESSES, INCLUDING A (H1N1) PDM09 AND SEASONAL INFLUENZA, IN A UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL, THAILAND.

In Thailand, during the A(H1N1)pdm2009 pandemic, 82% of fatal cases did not received the specific treatment within 48 hours of the onset of symptoms. Specific diagnostic tests, especially RT-PCR, were not available throughout the country. To assist early clinical diagnosis and treatment, this study compared the clinical features and treatment outcomes of children presenting with influenza-like illness (ILIs).

Rhinovirus infection in children hospitalized with acute bronchiolitis and its impact on subsequent wheezing or asthma: a comparison of etiologies.

Backgroud: Children who suffer a viral lower respiratory infection early in life are prone to subsequent wheezing and asthma: RSV and rhinovirus are thought to be the primary causative pathogens. Epidemiologic and long-term data on these pathogens in Thailand are limited.

Objectives: To detect the causative pathogens in children hospitalized with a first episode of acute wheezing and to compare the respective impact on the recurrence of wheezing and development of asthma.

Bacterial etiology of empyema thoracis and parapneumonic pleural effusion in Thai children aged less than 16 years.

This study aimed to identify the bacterial etiology of empyema thoracis or parapneumonic pleural effusions in Thai children, with a focus on pneumococcus. This hospital-based, descriptive study included children aged < or = 16 years, diagnosed with empyema thoracis or parapneumonic pleural effusion, from whom a pleural fluid (PF) sample was taken between January 2008 and November 2009. PF and blood samples were cultured and PF samples were also tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to assess whether evidence of an infection might be identified among culture-negative samples.

Burden of acute lower respiratory infection in children in Thailand in 2010: have we achieved the national target in under-five morbidity and mortality?

Background: National reports indicate that morbidity and mortality from pneumonia among Thai children has decreased dramatically since the turn of the millennia; notwithstanding, pneumonia remains the leading cause of admission and death in Thai children under five years of age.

Objective: To assess the burden and pattern of acute lower respiratory infection in under-fives in Thailand from the health data in 2010.

Material And Method: Information on respiratory infection using the ICD10: J09-J22 was evaluated for the number of OPD visits, admissions, mortality, monthly incidence and co-morbidities of the mortality.

Health situation analysis of Thai children aged 1-5 years in 2010: implications for health education and health service reform.

Background: To make the world fit for children is a task necessarily involves all organizations working with children. The real health situation will be useful for strategic planning for them.

Objective: To emphasize Thailand's health burdens of children between 1 and 5 years in 2010.

Comparison between the radiographic findings in pulmonary tuberculosis of children with or without HIV infection.

Objective: Identify the difference between radiographic findings in children with pulmonary tuberculosis with and without HIV infection.

Material And Method: The authors retrospectively reviewed the chest radiography of 93 children (under 15 years of age) with pulmonary tuberculosis between January 2000 and June 2005. Fifty-two of the children had an HIV co-infection while the remaining 41 children did not.

Comparison of salbutamol efficacy in children--via the metered-dose inhaler (MDI) with Volumatic spacer and via the dry powder inhaler, Easyhaler, with the nebulizer--in mild to moderate asthma exacerbation: a multicenter, randomized study.

Background: Beta(2) agonist administered via a nebulizer is the standard treatment for acute asthma exacerbation. There are some limitations for the use of nebulization. We conducted a study to determine the efficacy of salbutamol administered via the pMDI with Volumatic spacer and the Easyhaler (DPI) compared to nebulization in mild to moderate asthma exacerbations in children.

Atypical bacterial pathogen infection in children with acute bronchiolitis in northeast Thailand.

Background: Atypical bacterial pathogens--including Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydophila pneumoniae, and Chlamydia trachomatis--are important infectious agents of the respiratory system. Most current information pertains to adults and little is known about the role of these organisms in lower respiratory tract infections among young children with acute bronchiolitis.

Methods: This study detected these pathogens in the nasopharyngeal secretions of children between 1 month and 2 years of age admitted with acute bronchiolitis to hospitals in Khon Kaen, northeast Thailand.

Localized melioidosis in children in Thailand: treatment and long-term outcome.

Melioidosis, an infection caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei, can present as severe septicemia or localized infection. Data on optimum antibiotic treatment regimen for localized melioidosis in children is limited. This is a report on localized melioidosis in children, regarding clinical presentation, treatment and the long-term outcomes.

Human metapneumovirus and respiratory syncytial virus detection in young children with acute bronchiolitis.

This study was conducted to detect human metapneumovirus (hMPV) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in young children hospitalized with acute bronchiolitis, using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Nasopharyngeal secretions were collected from 170 children between 1 and 24 months of age admitted to two tertiary hospitals in northeastern Thailand, between 2002 and 2004. Acute bronchiolitis was defined as the first episode of wheezing associated with tachypnea, increased respiratory effort and an upper respiratory tract infection.

Efficacy of dexamethasone injection for acute bronchiolitis in hospitalized children: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

Controversy over the efficacy of systemic corticosteroids for acute bronchiolitis initiated this study. We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to examine the efficacy of single dexamethasone injection for the treatment of acute bronchiolitis in young hospitalized children. The study, performed at the pediatric wards of a University Hospital and its affiliated hospital in Thailand, included 174 previously healthy children under 2 years of age, hospitalized with acute bronchiolitis.

Hemostatic alterations in splenectomized and non-splenectomized patients with beta-thalassemia/hemoglobin E disease.

Beta-thalassemia/hemoglobin (Hb) E is a hereditary hemolytic anemia with varying degrees of severity. Severely affected patients are treated with blood transfusion and/or splenectomy in order to maintain an optimum level of hemoglobin for normal growth and physical activities. As thrombosis has been observed among splenectomized patients, we have investigated alterations in coagulation and fibrinolysis in beta-thalassemia/Hb E patients.

Cystic fibrosis in three northeast Thai infants is CF really a rare disease in the Thai population?

The authors report on three infants with cystic fibrosis (CF), with different genotypes, presenting with different clinical manifestations, but having similar abnormal serum electrolytes (i.e. hyponatremia, severe hypochloremia and metabolic alkalosis).

Pulmonary tuberculosis in a child presenting with acute hemoptysis.

We report on a tuberculous child whose only presenting symptom was acute hemoptysis. His chest radiograph revealed a mass-like lesion occupying the posterior basal segment of the right lower lung field. Multidetector computerized tomography (MDCT) of the chest showed a hypodense mass supplied by the bronchial artery and drained by the pulmonary vein.

Surveying the prevalence of asthma, allergic rhinitis and eczema in school-children in Khon Kaen, Northeastern Thailand using the ISAAC questionnaire: phase III.

This is the second survey of schoolchildren in Khon Kaen, Northeastern Thailand, using the Thai version of the ISAAC questionnaire to examine the trend in the prevalence of asthma, allergic rhinitis and eczema, and to compare the results with the ISAAC Phase I data. We analyzed 5,075 questionnaires comprising 2,119 six- to seven- and 2,956 thirteen- to fourteen-year-old children (48 and 42 percent male, respectively). The cumulative vs.