Effect of Chronic Rhinitis Treatment in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of chronic rhinitis treatment on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in children with ADHD.

Methods: Children and adolescents with ADHD were screened for chronic rhinitis symptoms. Participants with positive chronic rhinitis screening underwent the skin prick test and received rhinitis treatment for 3 months.

P-wave dispersion as a simple tool for screening childhood obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.

Introduction: The gold standard for the diagnosis of childhood obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) diagnosis is polysomnography; however, electrocardiography (ECG) may provide a simpler alternative. P-wave dispersion (PWD), the difference between the maximum and minimum P-wave duration measured by 12-lead ECG, is increased in adult OSAS but has not been researched in childhood OSAS. The aims of this study were to determine the PWD and cut-off value for the diagnosis of childhood OSAS and its association with severity.

Improvement of Skills in Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation of Pediatric Residents by Recorded Video Feedbacks.

Objective: To evaluate the pediatric residents' cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) skills, and their improvements after recorded video feedbacks.

Methods: Pediatric residents from a university hospital were enrolled. The authors surveyed the level of pediatric resuscitation skill confidence by a questionnaire.

Using non-invasive bi-level positive airway pressure ventilator via tracheostomy in children with congenital central hypoventilation syndrome: two case reports.

Introduction: Due to the economic downturn in Thailand, two baby girls with congenital central hypoventilation syndrome had to wait for several months to obtain definite diagnosis and long-term mechanical ventilation. Genetic investigation later revealed 20/25 polyalanine expansion of PHOX2B gene in both girls. In this report we highlight the use of non-invasive bi-level positive airway pressure ventilators via tracheostomy, overnight end-tidal carbon dioxide trend graphs and outcomes of the patients whose diagnosis and treatment were delayed.

Reliability and validity of Thai version Quality of Life Questionnaire (OSA-18) for pediatric obstructive sleep apnea.

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) is a chronic illness affecting either cardiopulmonary or neuropsychiatric function. Besides the functional health, the quality of life of patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is of interest in literature. In children, the quality of life questionnaire, which consists of 18 items (OSA-18), has been widely accepted as a reliable, valid, and simple to administer.

Rhythm disturbances in childhood obstructive sleep apnea during apnea-hypopnea episodes.

Background: Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) can result in cardiovascular complications. Nocturnal arrhythmias are reported up to 50% of adult OSA patients. Arrhythmias and heart rate variability in children with OSA have not been well studied.

Cardiovascular change in children with dengue shock syndrome.

To determine the cardiovascular changes in children with dengue shock syndrome. Echocardiography was performed in 8 children (5 females) with dengue shock syndrome, median age 6.5, 4.

QT dispersion in childhood obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome.

The difference between maximal and minimal QT interval and corrected QT interval defined as QT dispersion and corrected QT dispersion may represent arrhythmogenic risks. This study sought to evaluate QT dispersion and corrected QT dispersion in childhood obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome. Forty-four children (34 male) with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome, aged 6.

The effect of prenatal nicotine exposure on PDGFR-mediated anti-apoptotic mechanism in the caudal brainstem of developing rat.

Maternal cigarette smoking is a major risk factor for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS); however, the mechanism underlying this association is currently unknown. Prenatal nicotine exposure is accompanied by a decrease in the magnitude of hypoxic ventilatory depression, the component of hypoxic ventilatory response that activates the PDGF-beta receptor (PDGFR) and its downstream anti-apoptotic cascade in the caudal brainstem (CB) of developing rats. In this study, we evaluated the effect of prenatal nicotine exposure on PDGFR activation and the subsequent activation of downstream anti-apoptotic processes through the Akt/BAD pathway.

Maturational changes in neuromodulation of central pathways underlying hypoxic ventilatory response.

The neuromodulator systems mediating the central component of the hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR) during development are complex and diverse. The early component of the HVR is mediated through N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptors in the caudal brainstem. The intracellular downstream signal transductions of the NMDA receptors involve protein kinase C (PKC), neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and tyrosine kinase (TK).