Effect of Electroejaculation Protocols on Semen Quality and Concentrations of Testosterone, Cortisol, Malondialdehyde, and Creatine Kinase in Captive Bengal Tigers.

The Bengal tiger () is critically endangered, so assisted reproductive technologies, including artificial insemination, are important conservation tools. For wild and domestic felids, electroejaculation (EE) is the most common semen collection method, with protocols optimized to obtain sufficient amounts of viable sperm for artificial insemination. However, less attention has been paid to ensuring animal wellbeing during the process.

Freezability biomarkers in the epididymal spermatozoa of swamp buffalo.

As an alternative to ejaculated semen, epididymal spermatozoa (ES) can be recovered and cryopreserved for use in artificial insemination and other assisted reproductive technologies. However, variabilities in the sperm response to freeze-thaw procedures challenge its inherent value. Therefore, the present study aims to clarify the freezability phenomena in the swamp buffalo ES, where pieces of literature do not abound.