The association of cell adhesion molecules and selectins (VCAM-1, ICAM-1, E-selectin, L-selectin, and P-selectin) with microvascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes: A follow-up study.

Objective: Chronic hyperglycemia induces pathogenic changes in the vascular endothelium and leads to the development of microvascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Early identification of markers of diabetes complications may help to minimize the risk of the development and progression of microvascular complications.

Methods: This follow-up study was conducted in type 2 diabetic cohort aged between 30-70 years.

Risk factors of chronic kidney disease among type 2 diabetic patients with longer duration of diabetes.

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the major cause of end stage renal disease, characterized by proteinuria with a subsequent decline in glomerular filtration rate. Although hyperglycemia is the major risk factor for the development and progression of kidney disease among diabetic patients, many other risk factors also contribute to structural and functional changes in the kidneys. As recommended by Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO), CKD classification based on cause and severity, links to risk of adverse outcomes including mortality and kidney outcomes.

Alloreactivity of Allogeneic Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells and Other Cellular Therapies: A Concise Review.

Cellular therapies, deemed live medicine, have brought a wave of new generation biological therapies to treat previously untreatable diseases such as cancers and degenerative diseases like osteoarthritis. These cellular therapies have gained significant recognition in clinical research. The area has been further strengthened with the approval of Chimeric Antigen Receptor added on T cells (CAR-T) therapies by the regulatory authorities USA's Food and Drugs Administration (FDA), European Medical Agency (EMA), the Australian Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA), and in many countries in 2017 to treat hematological cancers.

Cytokines Involved in COVID-19 Patients with Diabetes: A Systematic Review.

Background: Hyperglycemic condition and compromised immune system may contribute to the progression of COVID-19 infection and increase the disease severity, relatively requiring a longer recovery period among diabetic patients.

Objective: A systematic review was conducted to examine cytokine levels, the prevalence of risk factors, and other comorbidities in COVID-19 patients with and without diabetes mellitus during the early COVID-19 outbreak.

Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed central, PMC Europe databases, and Web of Science, evaluating the articles published between Dec 1st, 2019, and June 15th, 2020.

Potential Role and Excretion Level of Urinary Transferrin, KIM-1, RBP, MCP-1 and NGAL Markers in Diabetic Nephropathy.

Background: Analyzing urinary biomarkers may provide better insight into pathophysiological mechanisms of diabetic kidney diseases. The study aimed to analyze the pattern of selected excreted urinary biomarkers and its correlation with albuminuria and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: A total of 185 patients with type 2 diabetes were categorized according to KDIGO guideline based on albuminuria and eGFR.

Level of hormones in menopause in relation to diabetic retinopathy among type 2 diabetic women.

Hormonal transition among middle-aged women with type 2 diabetes may exert an impact in the development of diabetic retinopathy (DR). In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to assess the levels of estradiol, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH) in the presence of DR and their relationship with risk factors for DR among pre- and post-menopausal women with type 2 diabetes. Serum levels of estradiol, FSH, and LH were measured using the immunoassay technique.

Association of sex hormone binding globulin with gestational age and parity in gestational diabetes mellitus.

Objective: Recent research on sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) has emphasized its role in the prediction of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) development. SHBG is associated with glucose tolerance status, and its level is regulated by prenatal and perinatal factors during pregnancy. This study aimed to determine the levels of SHBG in pregnant women with normal glucose tolerance and those with GDM in association with parity and gestational age (weeks).

Regulation of Stem Cell-Based Research in India in Comparison with the US, EU and other Asian Countries: Current Issues and Future Perspectives.

Stem cell therapy is applicable for repair and replacement of damaged cells and tissues. Apart from transplanting cells to the body, the stem cell therapy directs them to grow new and healthy tissues. Stem cells in the area of regenerative medicines hold tremendous promise that may help to regenerate the damaged tissues and heal various diseases like multiple sclerosis, heart diseases, Parkinson's disease, and so on.

Variation in the Level of Thyroid Markers in Association with Inflammation in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.

Background: A possible relationship between thyroid hormones and glucose metabolism in diabetes has already been established.

Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the thyroid function markers and their relationship with inflammation, which is considered as a pathogenic condition of diabetes.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 276 patients with type 2 diabetes.

VCAM-1, ICAM-1 and selectins in gestational diabetes mellitus and the risk for vascular disorders.

Levels of VCAM-1, ICAM-1 and selectins in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) subjects are an indication of endothelial dysfunction predicting the future metabolic consequence via metabolic memory effect. This cross-sectional study was conducted in 92 pregnant women and serum endothelial cell adhesion molecules were measured using Randox biochip analyzer. Significantly elevated serum level of VCAM-1 was found in GDM subjects and in greater than equal to one parity categorized GDM group when compared with control.

Low magnesium level as an indicator of poor glycemic control in type 2 diabetic patients with complications.

Aim: Alteration in the metabolism of magnesium have an influence on different metabolic and signaling pathways involved in development of diabetes and its progression. Reduced magnesium level was associated with diabetes related complications. The aim of this study is to determine the serum levels of magnesium in diabetic patients having different complications and the association of magnesium with status of glycemic control.

Urinary -acetyl-beta-d-glucosaminidase (NAG) with neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) improves the diagnostic value for proximal tubule damage in diabetic kidney disease.

Screening for diabetic kidney disease (DKD) remains a challenge; however, there has been an ongoing research to investigate the diagnostic value of different biomarkers to identify DKD. The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic value of both -acetyl-beta-d-glucosaminidase (NAG) and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) in the progression of DKD. This cross-sectional case-control study included 92 type 2 diabetic patients with or without DKD.

Significance of glycated LDL in different stages of diabetic nephropathy.

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the role of elevated glycated LDL (low-density lipoprotein) in the progression of diabetic kidney disease among type 2 diabetes (T2D) subjects.

Materials And Methods: This case-control observational study is a part of Saudi Diabetes Kidney Disease (SAUDI-DKD) study conducted during the period from April 2014 to June 2015. This study cohort is divided into two groups; the first group was T2D patients without diabetic nephropathy (DN) (n = 24) and the second group was T2D with DN (n = 45).

Potential role of serum fetuin-A in relation with pro-inflammatory, chemokine and adhesion molecules in diabetic kidney disease: a case-control study.

Inflammatory cytokine, adipokine and adhesion molecules are known to play a key role in pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). In this study, our aim was to investigate the role of fetuin-A in relation with pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-18), adipokines (adiponectin, leptin), chemokine (MCP-1), and adhesion molecules (ICAM-1, VCAM-1) in control and DKD subjects. We recruited a total of 224 type 2 diabetic (T2D) subjects.

Serum adipokines (adiponectin and resistin) correlation in developing gestational diabetes mellitus: pilot study.

Adiponectin and resistin are adipose tissue-derived proteins with antagonistic actions; adiponectin has insulin sensitive properties while resistin is involved in the development of insulin resistance. We analyzed adiponectin and resistin levels in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) women to evaluate the association of these adipokines in a very high diabetes prevalence population. An age-matched case-control study of GDM and normal pregnant women in Saudi population.

Resistin role in development of gestational diabetes mellitus.

Diabetes is estimated to be one of the major causes of deaths in most countries due to its high prevalence rate, which was 8.8% in 2015. Hyperglycemia detected during pregnancy is known as gestational diabetes mellitus and it increases the potential risk of development of Type 2 diabetes in mothers with its varying prevalence rate of 1-14% in different populations.

Complementary therapies for osteoarthritis: are they effective?

Increasing interest has focused on complementary management modalities, including tai chi, acupuncture, yoga, and massage therapy, as treatments for osteoarthritis (OA). This review article synthesizes evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and systematic reviews (SRs) that examined one or more of the above as treatments for OA. Medline, Pubmed, and Cinahl databases were searched to identify English-language articles using an RCT design or that conducted a SR of published studies and presented data on symptom or functional outcomes.