A life course perspective on mental disorders and psychopharmacologic drug use among persons living with cerebral palsy.

In this study, we investigated the prevalence of mental disorders and the use of psychopharmacologic drugs among individuals with cerebral palsy (CP). We studied how the association between CP and mental illness develops over the life course (between ages 5 and 65 years), and how it varies across disability specific factors (intellectual disability, gross motor function and communicative ability). We used logistic regression models on a longitudinal matched case-control data material on all persons with CP in Sweden linked to several administrative registers including, the national patient registers and the pharmaceutical registers.

Cognition in children with arachnoid cysts - A five-year follow-up after microneurosurgical fenestration.

Background And Purpose: In recent years there has been a re-evaluation regarding the clinical implications of temporal lobe arachnoid cysts (temporal arachnoid cysts) in children. These cysts have often been considered asymptomatic, or if symptomatic, only causing focal neurological symptoms or signs of increased intracranial pressure. However, several studies have more recently reported on cognitive symptoms improving after surgery.

Maternal type 1 diabetes, preterm birth, and risk of intellectual disability in the offspring: A nation-wide study in Sweden.

Objective: There are few data on long-term neurological or cognitive outcomes in the offspring of mothers with type 1 diabetes (T1D). The aims of this study were to examine if maternal T1D increases the risk of intellectual disability (ID) in the offspring, estimate the amount of mediation through preterm birth, and examine if the association was modified by maternal glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c).

Design: Population-based cohort study using population-based data from several national registries in Sweden.

Responses to Sensory Events in Daily Life in Children with Cerebral Palsy from a Parent Reported Perspective and in a Swedish Context.

The motor disorders of cerebral palsy (CP) are often accompanied by sensory disturbances, but knowledge of their relationship to motor functioning is sparse. This study explored responses to sensory events in relation to spastic subtype and motor functioning in children with CP. Parents of 60 children with CP (unilateral: 18, bilateral: 42) with GMFCS levels I:29, II:13, III:15 and IV:3 of mean age 12.

Anorexia Nervosa With Comorbid Severe Depression: A Systematic Scoping Review of Brain Stimulation Treatments.

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is highly prevalent in individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN) and is a predictor of greater clinical severity. However, there is a limited amount of evidence supporting the use of psychotropic medications for its management. A systematic scoping review was conducted to assess the current literature on brain stimulation treatments for AN with comorbid MDD, with a specific focus on MDD treatment response and weight restoration.

Long-term neurological morbidity among children delivered by vacuum extraction - a national cohort study.

Introduction: This is the first nationwide cohort study of vacuum extraction (VE) and long-term neurological morbidity. We hypothesized that VE per se, and not only complicated labor, can cause intracranial bleedings, which could further cause neurological long-term morbidity. The aim of this study was to investigate the risk of neonatal mortality, cerebral palsy (CP), and epilepsy among children delivered by VE in a long-term perspective.

Mapping length of inpatient treatment duration and year-wise relapse rates in eating disordered populations in a well-defined Western-European healthcare region across 1998-2020.

Objectives: Updated international guideline recommendations for AN inpatient care rely on expert opinions/observational evidence and promote extended inpatient stays, warranting investigation using higher-level ecological evidence.

Methods: The study was conducted according to Guidelines for Accurate and Transparent Health Estimates Reporting (GATHER). Data encompassing 13,885 ED inpatients (5336 adolescents and 8549 adults) was retrieved from Swedish public health registries.

Dystonia during hand activity in children with spastic unilateral cerebral palsy, an observational study.

Background: Spasticity and dyskinesia are motor signs that co-exist in cerebral palsy (CP). It is well accepted that, in spastic bilateral CP, dystonia can be present in addition to spasticity, and equally that spasticity is often present in individuals with dyskinetic CP. In unilateral spastic CP, dystonia of the upper extremity is only rarely identified or addressed.

Melatonin usage in children and young adults, a registry-based cohort study.

Sleep disorder is common in children and adolescents, particularly in those with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or autism spectrum disorder (ASD). While non-pharmacological treatment is first line, occasionally an add-on of an oral drug is needed. The endogenous hormone melatonin is increasingly used for sleep disorders in children and adolescents.

Gestational age and risk of intellectual disability: a population-based cohort study.

Objective: To examine the association between gestational age at birth and risk of clinically diagnosed intellectual disability (ID) week by week to provide a detailed description of ID risk across the entire range of gestational ages and by severity of ID.

Methods: All individuals born alive in Sweden 1974-2017 were prospectively followed up from birth until 2017 using national registers. The HRs for ID according to weekly gestational age and gestational age categories were determined using Cox models.

Impact of gestational age on risk of cerebral palsy: unravelling the role of neonatal morbidity.

Background: The contribution of adverse consequences of preterm birth to gestational-age-related risk of cerebral palsy (CP) has rarely been studied. We aimed to assess the potential mediating roles of neonatal morbidity on the association between gestational age and risk of CP.

Methods: In this Swedish population-based study, 1 402 240 singletons born at 22-40 gestational weeks during 1998-2016 were followed from day 28 after birth for a CP diagnosis until 2017.

A First Clinical Trial on Botulinum Toxin-A for Chronic Muscle-Related Pain in Cerebral Palsy.

To test if botulinum toxin-A (BoNT-A) is effective in reducing chronic muscle-related pain in adults with spastic cerebral palsy (CP), as compared to placebo. A single-center, double-blind, parallel, randomized placebo-controlled trial. The design included an interim analysis to allow for confirmatory analysis, as well as pilot study outcomes.

Body surface area-based omega-3 fatty acids supplementation strongly correlates to blood concentrations in children.

Omega-3 fatty acids have been suggested as a complement in cancer treatment, but doses are not established. We performed a dose-finding study in 33 children in remission from cancer. Participants were allocated to a body surface area (BSA) adjusted dose (mg/m) of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (40:60), ranging 233-3448 mg/m daily for 90 days.

Deep brain stimulation in Lesch-Nyhan disease: outcomes from the patient's perspective.

Aim: To provide insight into outcome and long-term safety and efficacy of deep brain stimulation (DBS), from the perspective of individuals with Lesch-Nyhan disease (LND) and their families.

Method: We used patient-centered outcome measures to assess long-term outcomes of DBS for 14 individuals (mean [SD] age 10y 10mo [5y 6mo], range 5-23y, all males) with LND, after an average duration of 5y 6mo (range 11mo-10y 5mo) after surgery. We compared these results with a comprehensive review of previously published cases.

Childhood-onset seizures: A long-term cohort study of use of antiepileptic drugs, and drugs for neuropsychiatric conditions.

Objective: We conducted a long-term follow-up of a cohort of children with newly diagnosed unprovoked seizures to assess treatment with antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), neuroleptics, antidepressants and medication for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with special attention to the impact of comorbidities on the use of such medication.

Methods: Our study cohort comprised 769 children (28 days-18 years), living in Stockholm Sweden, with a first unprovoked seizure identified between 2001 and 2006. Information on neurodevelopmental comorbidities and Cerebral Palsy (CP) at seizure onset was collected from medical records.

Exploring sleep problems in young children with cerebral palsy - A population-based study.

Objective: To describe and explore sleep problems in a population-based cohort of young children with cerebral palsy (CP) in Stockholm, Sweden.

Methods: All children with CP, aged 5-10 years, and living in the Northern Karolinska University Hospital's catchment area were invited to participate in a cross-sectional study. Medical records obtained in the previous two-year period were reviewed, and a pre-planned parental telephone interview that included five structured questions and the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) was conducted.

Cognition in Children with Arachnoid Cysts.

Background: This study aims to evaluate if children with temporal arachnoid cysts (AC) have cognitive symptoms and if neurosurgery improves these.

Methods: A prospective case series study including consecutive pediatric patients with temporal AC. The children underwent neuroradiology, neuroopthalmologic evaluation, and a standard electroencephalography (EEG).

Pallidal Deep Brain Stimulation in DYT6 Dystonia: Clinical Outcome and Predictive Factors for Motor Improvement.

Pallidal deep brain stimulation is an established treatment in dystonia. Available data on the effect in DYT-THAP1 dystonia (also known as DYT6 dystonia) are scarce and long-term follow-up studies are lacking. In this retrospective, multicenter follow-up case series of medical records of such patients, the clinical outcome of pallidal deep brain stimulation in DYT-THAP1 dystonia, was evaluated.

Risk of intellectual disability in children born appropriate-for-gestational-age at term or post-term: impact of birth weight for gestational age and gestational age.

Children born small for gestational age have a higher risk of intellectual disability. We investigated associations of birth weight for gestational age percentile and gestational age with risk of intellectual disability in appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA) children. We included 828,948 non-malformed term or post-term AGA singleton children (including 429,379 full siblings) born between 1998 and 2009 based on data from the Swedish Medical Birth Register.

Prevalence, identification, and interference of pain in young children with cerebral palsy: a population-based study.

Objective: To explore the presence of pain, how pain was addressed by physicians and parents, and how pain affected everyday life in young children with cerebral palsy (CP).

Methods: Children with CP, aged 5-10 years, participated in this cross-sectional study. Data were collected from medical records spanning a period of two years and by a standardized parental interview that included six structured questions and the Pain Interference Index.

Long-term effects of selective dorsal rhizotomy in children with cerebral palsy: a systematic review.

Aim: To evaluate the long-term effects of selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR) 10 years or more after the procedure and complications observed any time after SDR in children with cerebral palsy (CP).

Method: Embase, PubMed, and the Cochrane Library were searched from their individual dates of inception through 1st June 2018 for full-text original articles in English that described long-term follow-up after SDR in children with CP. The authors independently screened publications to determine whether they met inclusion criteria; thereafter all authors extracted data on patient characteristics, the proportion of the original cohort being followed-up, and the reported outcomes.

Efficacy of the Small Step Program in a Randomized Controlled Trial for Infants under 12 Months Old at Risk of Cerebral Palsy (CP) and Other Neurological Disorders.

The objective was to evaluate the effects of the Small Step Program on general development in children at risk of cerebral palsy (CP) or other neurodevelopmental disorders. A randomized controlled trial compared Small Step with Standard Care in infants recruited at 4-9 months of corrected age (CA). The 35-week intervention targeted mobility, hand use, and communication during distinct periods.