IMMUNOREACT 9 metachronous rectal cancers have high HLA-ABC expression on healthy epithelium but a lower infiltration of CD3+ T cells than primary lesions.

Lynch syndrome is rarely associated with rectal cancer (RC) and thus, metachronous RC has been scarcely investigated. This study aimed to analyze the mucosal immune microenvironment in sporadic and metachronous RC. We analyzed the mucosal immune microenvironment in the 25 metachronous RCs present in the IMMUNOREACT 1 and 2 multicentre observational studies (624 patients).

IMMUNOREACT 8: Immune markers of local tumor spread in patients undergoing transanal excision for clinically N0 rectal cancer.

Background: Transanal excision of rectal cancer can be considered the definitive surgical treatment if the depth spread is T1 or lower, and the lesion is completely included within the resection margin. This study aims to analyze the immune microenvironment in healthy rectal mucosa as a possible predictor of tumor infiltration depth, lateral tumor spread, and recurrence of rectal cancer after transanal local excision.

Methods: This study is a subanalysis of data from the IMMUNOREACT 1 and 2 trials (NCT04915326 and NCT04917263, respectively) including all the patients who underwent transanal excision of rectal cancer.

IMMUNOREACT 7: Regular aspirin use is associated with immune surveillance activation in colorectal cancer.

Background: Long-term daily use of aspirin reduces incidence and mortality due to colorectal cancer (CRC). This study aimed to analyze the effect of aspirin on the tumor microenvironment, systemic immunity, and on the healthy mucosa surrounding cancer.

Methods: Patients with a diagnosis of CRC operated on from 2015 to 2019 were retrospectively analyzed (METACCRE cohort).

IMMUNOREACT 6: weak immune surveillance characterizes early-onset rectal cancer.

Background: Colon cancer in young patients is often associated with hereditary syndromes; however, in early-onset rectal cancer, mutations of these genes are rarely observed. The aim of this study was to analyse the features of the local immune microenvironment and the mutational pattern in early-onset rectal cancer.

Methods: Commonly mutated genes were analysed within a rectal cancer series from the University Hospital of Padova.

End-to-end versus side-to-end anastomosis after bowel resection for deep infiltrating endometriosis: A retrospective study.

Objective: Deep infiltrating endometriosis(DIE) of the bowel may require segmental bowel resection. The subsequent reconstruction can be performed through an end-to-end(E-E) or a side-to-end (S-E)anastomosis, the latter being used in low resection due to the reduced risk of anastomotic leakage. This study aims at comparing those two anastomosis techniques in women submitted to bowel resection for DIE, in terms of post-operative morbidity and functional outcomes.

A national mandatory-split liver policy: A report from the Italian experience.

To implement split liver transplantation (SLT) a mandatory-split policy has been adopted in Italy since August 2015: donors aged 18-50 years at standard risk are offered for SLT, resulting in a left-lateral segment (LLS) graft for children and an extended-right graft (ERG) for adults. We aim to analyze the impact of the new mandatory-split policy on liver transplantation (LT)-waiting list and SLT outcomes, compared to old allocation policy. Between August 2015 and December 2016 out of 413 potentially "splittable" donors, 252 (61%) were proposed for SLT, of whom 53 (21%) donors were accepted for SLT whereas 101 (40.

In vitro effects of interleukin (IL)-1 beta inhibition on the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of renal tubular and hepatic stellate cells.

Background: The epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a multi-factorial biological mechanism involved in renal and hepatic fibrosis and the IL-1 beta has been assumed as a mediator of this process although data are not exhaustive. Therefore, the aim of our study was to evaluate the role of this cytokine in the EMT of renal proximal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2) and stellate cells (LX-2) and the protective/anti-fibrotic effect of its inhibition by Canakinumab (a specific human monoclonal antibody targeted against IL-1beta).

Methods: Both cell types were treated with IL-1 beta (10 ng/ml) for 6 and 24 h with and without Canakinumab (5 μg/ml).

Complications and Outcomes of Endoscopic Treatment in a Cohort of Patients With Biliary Stenosis After Orthotopic Liver Transplant: A Retrospective Observational Study.

Objectives: Liver transplant represents the criterion standard therapy for end-stage liver disease. Biliary complications after liver transplant have shown an increased trend and are characterized by anastomotic and nonanastomotic stenoses.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective single-center observational study included 217 patients who underwent liver transplant between January 2004 and December 2014; 18 patients had anastomotic (8.

Correction: Effects of immune suppression for transplantation on inflammatory colorectal cancer progression.

At the time of publication, the html version of this paper contained an error; the authors Imerio Angriman and Lucrezia Furian were not tagged as equally contributing authors. This has now been fixed in the html version of the paper, the PDF was correct at the time of publication.

Effects of immune suppression for transplantation on inflammatory colorectal cancer progression.

Background: Ulcerative colitis patients and transplant recipients are at risk for colorectal cancer. Here, we show that immunosuppressive regimens for kidney transplants are associated with the progression of ulcerative colitis-related carcinogenesis.

Methods: We describe the case of a patient diagnosed with colorectal cancer in ulcerative colitis while on immunosuppressive therapy for a kidney transplant.

Esophageal adenocarcinoma microenvironment: Peritumoral adipose tissue effects associated with chemoresistance.

Peritumoral microenvironment affects cancer development and chemoresistance, and visceral adipose tissue may play a critical role. We aimed to identify depot-specific adipose characteristics associated with carcinogenesis and resistance to neoadjuvant therapy in esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). We analyzed: (i) the peritumoral adipose tissue of rats following the induction of esophageal carcinogenesis; (ii) the peritumoral and distal (omental) adipose tissue of patients affected by EAC; (iii) adipose-derived stem cells (ADSC) isolated from healthy patients and treated with conditioned medium (CM), collected from tumoral and adipose tissue of patients with EAC.

Liver Metastases From Renal Oncocytoma With Vascular Extension.

The 2016 World Health Organization Renal Tumor Classification defines renal oncocytoma (RO) as a benign epithelial tumor; however, malignant histopathologic features have been documented. Rare cases with metastases have been reported. We describe the case of a 62-year-old woman who was referred to the Urology Clinic for a routine work-up.

Rapid screening for malignancy in organ donors: 15-year experience with the Verona "Alert" protocol and review of the literature.

Background: Prevention of transmission of malignancy from donors to recipients is an aim of donor assessment. We report the most stringent interpretation of the Italian National Guidelines.

Methods: A two-step ALERT process was used: ALERT1 consisting of clinical, radiological, and laboratory tests; ALERT2, consisting of intraoperative assessment in suspicious lesions.

De Novo Renal Neoplasia After Kidney Transplantation According to New 2016 WHO Classification of Renal Tumors.

BACKGROUND De novo renal neoplasia developing after kidney transplantation at Verona Kidney Transplant Center were reviewed according to new 2016 WHO Renal Tumor Classification. MATERIAL AND METHODS Primary renal tumors developed in native or transplanted kidneys de novo following renal transplantation were retrieved and histologically reviewed by three expert uropathologists. Immunoexpression of the diagnostic antigens CD13, CD10, CK7, CK34bE12, AMACR, CAIX, AE1/AE3, CK14, GATA-3, HMB-45, cathepsin-k, S100A1, and parvalbumin was assessed.

Multidrug-resistant Combined Infections in a Liver Transplanted Patient: Case Report.

We report a case of successfully treated multiple liver abscesses in a liver-transplanted patient, sustained by combined multidrug-resistant infections. Two months after a liver transplant, a computed tomography scan revealed the presence of multiple abscesses in the liver graft. Blood cultures and abscessual liver fluid were both positive for acquired colistin- and carbapenem- resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae and an extended-spectrum of beta-lactamases-producing Enterobacter aerogenes.

Mesenchymal Stem Cells Increase Neo-Angiogenesis and Albumin Production in a Liver Tissue-Engineered Engraftment.

The construction of a three-dimensional (3D) liver tissue is limited by many factors; one of them is the lack of vascularization inside the tissue-engineered construct. An engineered liver pocket-scaffold able to increase neo-angiogenesis in vivo could be a solution to overcome these limitations. In this work, a hyaluronan (HA)-based scaffold enriched with human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and rat hepatocytes was pre-conditioned in a bioreactor system, then implanted into the liver of rats.

Epithelial to mesenchymal transition in the liver field: the double face of Everolimus in vitro.

Background: Everolimus (EVE), a mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor, has been proposed as liver transplant immunosuppressive drug, gaining wide interest also for the treatment of cancer. Although an appropriate tolerance, it may induce several adverse effects, such as fibro-interstitial pneumonitis due to the acquisition of activated myofibroblasts. The exact molecular mechanism associated with epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) may be crucial also in the liver context.

Daily serum collection after acellular dermal matrix-assisted breast reconstruction.

Background: The acellular dermal matrix (ADM)-assisted breast reconstruction technique is widely known, but discouraging results due to early postoperative complications have been reported. As the literature identifies seroma as the most common issue after breast surgery without identifying its pathogenesis, we aimed to report the trend of postoperative daily serum collection after ADM-assisted breast reconstruction and compare it with data in the literature in order to discover more about this little-known topic.

Methods: A retrospective study on 28 consecutive patients who received ADM-assisted breast reconstruction between February 2013 and February 2014 was performed.

Esophageal adenocarcinoma and obesity: peritumoral adipose tissue plays a role in lymph node invasion.

Obesity is associated with cancer risk in esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). Adipose tissue directly stimulates tumor progression independently from body mass index (BMI), but the mechanisms are not fully understood. We studied the morphological, histological and molecular characteristics of peritumoral and distal adipose tissue of 60 patients with EAC, to investigate whether depot-specific differences affect tumor behavior.

Perforated Meckel's diverticulitis on the mesenteric side: MDCT findings.

Meckel's diverticulum (MD) is the most common congenital anomaly of the gastro-intestinal tract (approximately 2% of population), and arises from improper closure and absorption of the omphalomesenteric duct. Very few cases of Meckel's diverticulitis on the mesenteric side have been reported in the surgical literature, and no reported cases have been documented on preoperative imaging. We report a 65-year-old woman presenting symptoms and signs of acute abdomen with an initial suspicion of acute appendicitis.

Treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysms associated with pancreatic tumors: personal experience and review of the literature (1967-2006).

The aim of the present study was to discuss the approach to a rare, but challenging, clinical situation: the coexistence of an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and a pancreatic tumor. The authors present their experience and a review of the literature of the last 40 years. From January 1988 to December 2006 the authors faced 3 cases of associated AAA and pancreatic neoplasia.

A rare cause of dyspnea in adult: a right Bochdalek's hernia-containing colon.

Symptomatic cases of Bochdalek's hernia (BH) are uncommon in adults; symptoms arise only due to complications. Most of symptomatic cases are related to a left-sided hernia. Right colon herniation in adults has never been reported.

[Sentinel lymph-node biopsy for breast cancer. Analysis of 235 cases and review of the literature].

Sentinel lymph-node biopsy for breast cancer has been rapidly adopted in clinical practice. At the present time few prospective randomised studies exist, the false negative rate is variable and its role with regard to prognosis is not well known. The aim of this study was to evaluate the elements of sentinel lymph-node biopsy that have yet to be clearly defined, by reference to the literature and our own experience.

Cystadenoma and laparoscopic surgery for hepatic cystic disease: a need for laparotomy?

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the incidence of cystadenoma diagnosis in a series of laparoscopic treatments for nonparasitic liver cysts, as well as its management.

Methods: From 1996 to 2004, 26 patients with a nonparasitic cyst of the liver were selected for laparoscopic liver surgery. Solitary nonparasitic liver cysts were, whenever feasible, completely enucleated.