24-hour movement behaviours in the early years, potential behavioural determinants and prospective associations with growth, motor and social-emotional development: the My Little Moves study protocol.

Introduction: The early years are a critical period for establishing healthy 24-hour movement behaviours (physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep), yet studies examining prospective associations between all 24-hour movement behaviours and young children's growth and development are lacking. The My Little Moves study aims to (1) examine the prospective association between 24-hour movement behaviours of young children (ie, 0-4 years) and their growth, motor and social-emotional development; and (2) explore potential determinants of young children's 24-hour movement behaviours from an ecological perspective, to inform public health strategies aimed at promoting healthy behaviours and development.

Methods And Analysis: My Little Moves is a longitudinal observational cohort study, with data collection at baseline, and after 9 and 18 months follow-up.

Challenges and Future Directions for Promoting Intersectional Quantitative Studies in Physical Activity Research.

Understanding health inequalities is essential for improving social justice. Intersectionality refers to a theoretical framework for studying the intersection of multiple social categorizations that create unique experiences and related social inequalities. Currently, the majority of the intersectional studies in the physical activity field have a qualitative design; thus, there is a need for quantitative intersectional studies.

Youth-centred participatory action approach towards co-created implementation of socially and physically activating environmental interventions in Africa and Europe: the YoPA project study protocol.

Introduction: The majority of adolescents do not meet guidelines for healthy behaviours, posing major risks for developing multiple non-communicable diseases. Unhealthy lifestyles seem more prevalent in urban than rural areas, with the neighbourhood environment as a mediating pathway. How to develop and implement sustainable and effective interventions focused on adolescent health and well-being in urban vulnerable life situations is a key challenge.

Combining participatory action research with intervention mapping to develop and plan the implementation and evaluation of a healthy sleep intervention for adolescents.

Background: Adolescents' sleep deteriorated over the last decades, urging the need to develop effective interventions. Using participatory action research (PAR) is a promising and unique approach to target adolescents' sleep. This study aims to describe the process and results of combining PAR and intervention mapping (IM) to guide future researchers on developing and planning of the implementation and evaluation of interventions promoting healthy sleep in adolescents.

Development and content validity of an application to assess 24-hour movement behaviors in 0-4-year-old children involving end-users and key stakeholders: the My Little Moves app.

Background: Recently, research focus has shifted to the combination of all 24-h movement behaviors (physical activity, sedentary behavior and sleep) instead of each behavior separately. Yet, no reliable and valid proxy-report tools exist to assess all these behaviors in 0-4-year-old children. By involving end-users (parents) and key stakeholders (researchers, professionals working with young children), this mixed-methods study aimed to 1) develop a mobile application (app)-based proxy-report tool to assess 24-h movement behaviors in 0-4-year-olds, and 2) examine its content validity.

Systematic Review of Contemporary Theories Used for Co-creation, Co-design and Co-production in Public Health.

Background: There is a need to systematically identify and summarize the contemporary theories and theoretical frameworks used for co-creation, co-design and co-production in public health research.

Methods: The reporting of this systematic review follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. Given substantial interest in and application of co-creation, co-design and co-production, we searched PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus and APA PsycINFO from 2012 to March-April 2022.

Correlates of Physical Activity in 0- to 5-year-olds: A Systematic Umbrella Review and Consultation of International Researchers.

Background: Many children aged 0-5 years do not meet the WHO physical activity guidelines. To develop effective, evidence-based interventions, it is necessary to understand which factors are associated with physical activity in early childhood.

Objective: To summarize the current evidence on correlates of physical activity in 0- to 5-year-old children.

Systematic review of accelerometer-based methods for 24-h physical behavior assessment in young children (0-5 years old).

Background: Accurate accelerometer-based methods are required for assessment of 24-h physical behavior in young children. We aimed to summarize evidence on measurement properties of accelerometer-based methods for assessing 24-h physical behavior in young children.

Methods: We searched PubMed (MEDLINE) up to June 2021 for studies evaluating reliability or validity of accelerometer-based methods for assessing physical activity (PA), sedentary behavior (SB), or sleep in 0-5-year-olds.

Development of a core outcome set for school-based intervention studies on preventing childhood overweight and obesity: study protocol.

Introduction: Prevention of childhood overweight is an important health priority. Evidence synthesis from studies evaluating school-based overweight preventive interventions is hampered by the wealth of different outcomes across studies. Therefore, consensus on a core set of outcomes for school-based overweight prevention studies is needed.

A systematic review of proxy-report questionnaires assessing physical activity, sedentary behavior and/or sleep in young children (aged 0-5 years).

Background: Accurate proxy-report questionnaires, adapted to the child's developmental stage, are required to monitor 24-h movement behaviors in young children, especially for large samples and low-resource settings.

Objectives: This review aimed to summarize available studies evaluating measurement properties of proxy-report questionnaires assessing physical activity, sedentary behavior and/or sleep in children aged 0-5 years.

Methods: Systematic literature searches were carried out in the PubMed, Embase and SPORTDiscus databases, up to January 2021.

Cross-validation of cut-points in preschool children using different accelerometer placements and data axes.

The present study cross-validated various cut-points to assess physical activity and sedentary behaviour in preschoolers, using hip- and wrist-worn accelerometers and both vertical axis and vector magnitude data. Secondly, we examined the influence of epoch length on time estimates of physical activity and sedentary behaviour. Sixty-four preschoolers (34 girls) wore two accelerometers, on their right hip and dominant wrist, during 1 hour of free play.

How to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Health Promotion Actions Developed Through Youth-Centered Participatory Action Research.

Most actions targeting children's health behaviors have limited involvement of children in the development, potentially contributing to disappointing effectiveness. Therefore, in the 3-year "Kids in Action" study, 9- to 12-year-old children from a lower-socioeconomic neighborhood were involved as coresearchers in the development, implementation, and evaluation of actions targeting health behaviors. The current study describes the controlled trial that evaluated the effects on children's energy balance-related behaviors, physical fitness, and self-rated health, as well as experienced challenges and recommendations for future evaluations.

Start with reducing sedentary behavior: A stepwise approach to physical activity counseling in clinical practice.

Unlabelled: Recently, sedentary behavior recommendations have been included in the public health guidelines of multiple countries, pointing to new opportunities for prevention of chronic disease as well as a potential strategy for initiating long-term behavior change.

Objective: To propose an evidence-informed approach to physical activity counseling that starts with a focus on reducing sedentary time.

Methods: We put forward a case for addressing changes in sedentary behavior in clinical practice using a narrative review.

The consequences of using different epoch lengths on the classification of accelerometer based sedentary behaviour and physical activity.

We examined the influence of using different epoch lengths on the classification accuracy of laboratory-controlled sedentary behaviour (SB), and free-living total time and time spent in bouts of SB and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), in children and adolescents. We used two studies including accelerometer-derived data of: 1) controlled activities, i.e.

Effects of physical exercise on natural killer cell activity during (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy: A randomized pilot study.

Natural killer (NK) cells are a population of innate immune cells known to play a pivotal role against tumor spread. In multiple murine models, it was shown that physical exercise had the potential to increase NK cell antitumor activity through their mobilization and tissue redistribution in an interleukin (IL)-6 and epinephrine-dependent manner. The translation of this finding to patients is unclear.

Physical activity and prospective associations with indicators of health and development in children aged <5 years: a systematic review.

Background: Early childhood is a critical period for growth and development, yet the association with physical activity during this important period is unknown. The aim of this review is to critically summarize the evidence on the prospective associations between physical activity and health and development in children aged < 5 years.

Methods: A systematic search in three electronic databases (Pubmed, PsycINFO, and Sportdiscus) was conducted to identify prospective studies examining the associations between physical activity (all types; specified by quantity) and health indicators (body composition, cardiometabolic health, bone health and risks/harm) or development (motor, cognitive and social-emotional development) in young children (mean age < 5 years at baseline).

Strategies and effects of school-based interventions to promote active school transportation by bicycle among children and adolescents: a systematic review.

Background: Promoting cycling to school may benefit establishing a lifelong physical activity routine. This systematic review aimed to summarize the evidence on strategies and effects of school-based interventions focusing on increasing active school transport by bicycle.

Methods: A literature search based on "PICo" was conducted in eight electronic databases.

Trends in Neuromotor Fitness in 10-to-12-Year-Old Dutch Children: A Comparison Between 2006 and 2015/2017.

Children with a low level of neuromotor fitness are less skilled to participate in sports activities. Moreover, lower levels of neuromotor fitness are related to adiposity, lower cardiovascular health, and poor self-esteem in children. The aim of this paper was to determine neuromotor fitness in 10-12-year-old Dutch children over a 10-year period.

Gender Influence on Students, Parents, and Teachers' Perceptions of What Children and Adolescents in Germany Need to Cycle to School: A Concept Mapping Study.

Active commuting to school is highly recommended for several reasons, and in the decision-making process for doing so, a child interacts with parents and teachers. Until now, these three interactors' gender-specific perspectives on children and adolescents' need for cycling to school have been unavailable. Thus, our concept mapping study analyzed the needs of 12- to 15-year-olds in Germany for cycling to and from school daily, as perceived by students, parents, and teachers stratified by gender.

Effectiveness and promising behavior change techniques of interventions targeting energy balance related behaviors in children from lower socioeconomic environments: A systematic review.

This systematic review aims to summarize the evidence regarding the effectiveness of interventions targeting energy balance-related behaviors in children from lower socioeconomic environments and the applied behavior change techniques. The literature search was conducted in Cochrane, Embase, Psycinfo and Pubmed. Articles had to be published between January 2000 and September 2019.

Muscle contractile properties of cancer patients receiving chemotherapy: Assessment of feasibility and exercise effects.

Background: This pilot trial explores the feasibility of measuring muscle contractile properties in patients with cancer, effects of exercise during chemotherapy on muscle contractile properties and the association between changes in contractile muscle properties and perceived fatigue.

Method: Patients who received (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy for breast or colon cancer were randomized to a 9-12 week exercise intervention or a waitlist-control group. At baseline and follow-up, we measured knee extensor strength using maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), contractile muscle properties of the quadriceps muscle using electrical stimulation, and perceived fatigue using the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory.

Tracking of total sedentary time and sedentary patterns in youth: a pooled analysis using the International Children's Accelerometry Database (ICAD).

Background: To gain more understanding of the potential health effects of sedentary time, knowledge is required about the accumulation and longitudinal development of young people's sedentary time. This study examined tracking of young peoples' total and prolonged sedentary time as well as their day-to-day variation using the International Children's Accelerometry Database.

Methods: Longitudinal accelerometer data of 5991 children (aged 4-17y) was used from eight studies in five countries.

Co-creating a 24-hour movement behavior tool together with 9-12-year-old children using mixed-methods: MyDailyMoves.

Background: All 24-h movement behaviors, i.e. physical activity, sedentary behavior and sleep, are important for optimal health in children.

Co-designing obesity prevention interventions together with children: intervention mapping meets youth-led participatory action research.

Background: Youth-led Participatory Action Research (YPAR) involves children throughout the process of developing and implementing interventions. Combining YPAR with a structural approach for designing and planning interventions, such as Intervention Mapping (IM), may further improve implementation and effectiveness of interventions. This paper describes how YPAR and IM were combined in the Kids in Action study.