Development of posttransplant diabetes mellitus in US recipients of liver transplant is influenced by OPTN region.

Posttransplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in liver transplant recipients (LTRs). We used the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (OPTN) database to compare the incidence of developing PTDM across the United States and develop a risk prediction model for new-onset PTDM using OPTN region as well as donor-related, recipient-related, and transplant-related factors. All US adult, primary, deceased donor, LTRs between January 1, 2007, and December 31, 2016, with no prior history of diabetes noted, were identified.

Correction: HIV retesting for pregnant and breastfeeding women across maternal child health services in Nampula, Mozambique.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Persistence of anxiety and depression symptoms and their impact on the COVID-19 vaccine uptake.

Aims: The enduring impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health and its implications for COVID-19 vaccine uptake necessitate comprehensive investigation. We aimed to characterize the persistence of moderate to severe anxiety and depression symptoms from July 2020 to July 2023, explore demographic associations with symptom persistence, and assess how these symptoms affected COVID-19 vaccination uptake between May 2021 and July 2023.

Methods: Participants from the national community-based CHASING COVID Cohort were enrolled between March and June 2020 and completed quarterly follow-ups until December 2023.

HIV Outcomes Among Women Living With HIV Who Experienced Early Sexual Violence Across Four Sub-Saharan African Countries.

Background: Early experiences of sexual violence may influence HIV care and treatment outcomes among women living with HIV (WLHIV). We examined whether self-report by WLHIV of being forced into their first sexual experience was associated with awareness of HIV-positive status, being on antiretroviral therapy (ART) and being virologically suppressed.

Setting: We conducted a secondary analysis using nationally representative, cross-sectional Population-based HIV Impact Assessment surveys from Lesotho, Malawi, Zambia, and Zimbabwe conducted from 2015 through 2017.

Cancer Screening, Knowledge, and Fatalism among Chinese, Korean, and South Asian Residents of New York City.

Background: Asian New York City residents have the lowest cancer screening uptake across race and ethnicity. Few studies have examined screening differences across Asian ethnic subgroups in New York City.

Methods: Cross-sectional survey data were analyzed using multivariable logistic and multinomial regression analyses.

Racial and ethnic minority status in country of birth modifies racial and ethnic disparities in influenza vaccination among New York City adults.

Background: Understanding the relationship between race/ethnicity, birthplace, and health outcomes is important for reducing health disparities. This study assessed the relationship between racial/ethnic identity and minority racial/ethnic status in country of birth on influenza vaccination among New York City (NYC) adults.

Methods: Using 2015-2019 data from NYC's Community Health Surveys, we assessed the association between racial/ethnic identity and racial/ethnic minority status in birth country with past year influenza vaccination, calculating prevalence differences per 100 and assessing interaction on the additive scale using linear binomial regression, and prevalence ratios and interaction on the multiplicative scale using log-binomial regression.

Effects of parental childhood cultural health environment on children's influenza and COVID-19 vaccination status.

Most studies examining factors associated with pediatric influenza (flu) and coronavirus disease (COVID-19) vaccination uptake focus on parental demographics. We examined whether the childhood cultural health environment (CHE) of parents (measured by self-reported regular attendance at doctor and dentist visits during childhood) was associated with flu and COVID-19 vaccination of their children. Using 2023 survey data from 397 US parents and causal inference methods, we estimated the average causal effect of parental CHE on flu vaccination rates (0.

Impact of Neighborhood Social Cohesion and Rodent Sightings on Mental Health among Residents of New York City During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Common mental disorders such as depression and anxiety are prevalent globally, and rates are especially high in New York City (NYC) since the COVID-19 pandemic. Neighborhood social and physical environments have been found to influence mental health. We investigated the impact of neighborhood social cohesion and neighborhood rodent sightings (as an indicator of neighborhood cleanliness) on nonspecific serious psychological distress (NSPD) status using 2020 NYC Community Health Survey data from 8781 NYC residents.

Identifying determinants of under-five child mortality in northern Togo.

Background: Although global rates of under-five mortality have declined, many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), including Togo, have not achieved sufficient progress. We aimed to identify the structural and intermediary determinants associated with under-five mortality in northern Togo.

Methods: We collected population-representative cross-sectional household surveys adapted from the Demographic Household Survey (DHS) and Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey from women of reproductive age in northern Togo in 2018.

Pre-exposure prophylaxis uptake concerns in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: Key population and healthcare workers perspectives.

Key populations (KP) in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), including female sex workers (SW), are disproportionally affected by HIV. Quantitative feedback surveys were conducted at seven health facilities in DRC with 70 KP clients enrolled in pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) services to measure benefits and concerns. The surveys also assessed satisfaction with PrEP services and experiences of stigma at the health facilities.

The prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection and other public health outcomes during the BA.2/BA.2.12.1 surge, New York City, April-May 2022.

Background: Routine case surveillance data for SARS-CoV-2 are incomplete, unrepresentative, missing key variables of interest, and may be increasingly unreliable for timely surge detection and understanding the true burden of infection.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey of a representative sample of 1030 New York City (NYC) adult residents ≥18 years on May 7-8, 2022. We estimated the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection during the preceding 14-day period.

Enhanced Integration of TB Services in Reproductive Maternal Newborn and Child Health (RMNCH) Settings in Eswatini.

Tuberculosis (TB) primarily affects women during their reproductive years and contributes to maternal mortality and poor pregnancy outcomes. For pregnant women living with HIV (WLHIV), TB is the leading cause of non-obstetric maternal mortality, and pregnant WLHIV with TB are at increased risk of transmitting both TB and HIV to their infants. TB diagnosis among pregnant women, particularly WLHIV, remains challenging, and TB preventive treatment (TPT) coverage among pregnant WLHIV is limited.

HIV retesting for pregnant and breastfeeding women across maternal child health services in Nampula, Mozambique.

Background: Repeat HIV testing during pregnancy and breastfeeding identifies women with incident infections, those living with HIV who have been lost to care, and infants at risk for HIV infection. We report data from repeat testing for women in maternal and child health (MCH) services at 10 health facilities in Mozambique.

Methods: Routinely collected data from health facility registers are reported from April-November 2019.

The prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection and long COVID in U.S. adults during the BA.4/BA.5 surge, June-July 2022.

Due to changes in SARS-CoV-2 testing practices, passive case-based surveillance may be an increasingly unreliable indicator for monitoring the burden of SARS-CoV-2, especially during surges. We conducted a cross-sectional survey of a population-representative sample of 3042 U.S.

The Epidemiology of Long Coronavirus Disease in US Adults.

Background: We estimated the prevalence of long COVID and impact on daily living among a representative sample of adults in the United States.

Methods: We conducted a population-representative survey, 30 June-2 July 2022, of a random sample of 3042 US adults aged 18 years or older and weighted to the 2020 US population. Using questions developed by the UK's Office of National Statistics, we estimated the prevalence of long COVID, by sociodemographics, adjusting for gender and age.

Road traffic injuries in Tanzanian children and adolescents: A cross-sectional household survey.

Objective: To measure annual rates of road traffic injuries (RTI) and to describe the characteristics of road traffic crashes experienced by children and adolescents in Tanga, Tanzania.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional household survey using geospatial population-weighted sampling in the city of Tanga in northern Tanzania. Data were collected in February and March of 2022.

Estimating the Period Prevalence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection During the Omicron (BA.1) Surge in New York City (NYC), 1 January to 16 March 2022.

In a population-based survey of adults in New York City, we assessed positive severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) tests (including via exclusive at-home testing) and possible cases among untested respondents. An estimated 27.4% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 22.

Acceptability of COVID-19 vaccine mandates among New York City parents, November 2021.

School-based vaccine mandates improve vaccination coverage in children. We conducted a cross-sectional survey of parents in New York City (NYC) in November 2021 to measure acceptability of COVID-19 vaccine mandates for students, and for teachers and school staff. Random address-based sampling was used to recruit parents of children 5-11 years of age.

COVID-19 Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy Among New York City Parents of Children Aged 5-11 Years.

To measure vaccine uptake and intentions among New York City (NYC) parents of children aged 5 to 11 years following emergency use authorization. We conducted a survey of 2506 NYC parents of children aged 5 to 11 years. We used survey weights to generate prevalence estimates of vaccine uptake and intentions.

Missed routine pediatric care and vaccinations in US children during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic has decreased uptake of pediatric preventive care, including immunizations. We estimate the prevalence of missed pediatric routine medical visits and vaccinations over the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. We conducted a cross-sectional online survey of 2074 US parents of children ≤12 years in March 2021 to measure the proportion of children who missed pediatric care and vaccinations over the first 12 months of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Group antenatal care for improving retention of adolescent and young pregnant women living with HIV in Kenya.

Background: Pregnant and breastfeeding adolescents and young women living with HIV (AYWLH) have lower retention in prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) services compared to older women.

Methods: We evaluated a differentiated service model for pregnant and postnatal AYWLH at seven health facilities in western Kenya aimed at improving retention in antiretroviral treatment (ART) services. All pregnant AYWLH < 25 years presenting for antenatal care (ANC) were invited to participate in group ANC visits including self-care and peer-led support sessions conducted by health facility nurses per national guidelines.

Growth and CD4 patterns of adolescents living with perinatally acquired HIV worldwide, a CIPHER cohort collaboration analysis.

Introduction: Adolescents living with HIV are subject to multiple co-morbidities, including growth retardation and immunodeficiency. We describe growth and CD4 evolution during adolescence using data from the Collaborative Initiative for Paediatric HIV Education and Research (CIPHER) global project.

Methods: Data were collected between 1994 and 2015 from 11 CIPHER networks worldwide.