Vaccine Coverage at 36 Months and 7 Years by Parental Birth Country, Washington State.

Background And Objectives: Ensuring equitable vaccination access for immigrant communities is critical for guiding efforts to redress health disparities, but vaccine coverage data are limited. We evaluated childhood vaccination coverage by parental birth country (PBC) through the linkage of Washington State Immunization Information System data and birth records.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort evaluation of children born in Washington from January 1, 2006 to November 12, 2019.

State Policy Removing the Personal Belief Exemption for Measles, Mumps, and Rubella (MMR) School Immunization Requirement, Washington State, 2014-2022.

To assess the impact of Washington State's 2019 Engrossed House Bill (EHB) 1638-which removed measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) personal belief exemptions-on MMR vaccine series completion and exemption rates in K-12 students. We used interrupted time-series analyses to examine changes in MMR vaccine series completion rates before and after EHB 1638 was passed and the χ test for differences in exemption rates. EHB 1638 implementation was associated with a 5.

School-Based Interventions to Increase Student COVID-19 Vaccination Coverage in Public School Populations with Low Coverage - Seattle, Washington, December 2021-June 2022.

COVID-19 can lead to severe outcomes in children (1). Vaccination decreases risk for COVID-19 illness, severe disease, and death (2). On December 13, 2020, CDC recommended COVID-19 vaccination for persons aged ≥16 years, with expansion on May 12, 2021, to children and adolescents (children) aged 12-15 years, and on November 2, 2021, to children aged 5-11 years (3).

Time and geographic variations in human papillomavirus vaccine uptake in Washington state.

This study examines geographic variations of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine uptake, the most significant disparity in HPV vaccination, in Washington State. We evaluated Washington State Immunization Information System (WA-IIS) data on target age (11-12 year old adolescents) between 2008 and 2018. A Bayesian spatio-temporal analysis was conducted to examine uptake at the census tract level.

Uptake and Impact of Short Message Service Reminders via Sexually Transmitted Infection Partner Services on Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Sexually Transmitted Infection Testing Frequency Among Men Who Have Sex With Men.

Background: Sexually transmitted infection (STI) partner services (PS) allow provision of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/STI prevention interventions to high-risk individuals, including testing reminders via short message service (SMS).

Methods: In King County, Washington, PS attempt to reach all men who have sex with men (MSM) with early syphilis and those with gonorrhea or chlamydia as resources allow. Since 2013, PS offered quarterly SMS testing reminders.

Sexually Transmitted Disease Partner Services Costs, Other Resources, and Strategies Across Jurisdictions to Address Unique Epidemic Characteristics and Increased Incidence.

Background: Sexually transmitted disease (STD) partner services (PS) are a core component of STD programs. Data on costs are needed to support PS programming.

Methods: In Washington State STD PS programs, disease intervention specialists (DIS) conduct telephone-based interviews and occasional field visits, offer expedited partner therapy to heterosexuals with gonorrhea or chlamydia, and promote human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing, preexposure prophylaxis, and HIV care.

STD Partner Services to Monitor and Promote HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Use Among Men Who Have Sex With Men.

Background: Men who have sex with men (MSM) with bacterial sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are at elevated risk of HIV. We evaluated the integration of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) referrals into STD partner services (PS) for MSM.

Setting: King County, Washington.

A Population-Based Study to Compare Treatment Outcomes Among Women With Urogenital Chlamydial Infection in Washington State, 1992 to 2015.

Background: United States guidelines recommend azithromycin or doxycycline for chlamydia (Chlamydia trachomatis [CT]) treatment. These therapies are similarly efficacious for urogenital infections when outcomes are measured 7 to 42 days after treatment, although doxycycline may be superior for rectal infections. Some investigators have suggested that persistent rectal infections may lead to autoinfection of the urogenital tract, potentially resulting in higher rates of recurrent infection in azithromycin-treated women.

Prescription of Preexposure Prophylaxis to Men Who Have Sex With Men Diagnosed and Reported With Gonorrhea, STD Surveillance Network, 2016.

Using a representative sample of gonorrhea cases in select jurisdictions, we estimated the proportion of eligible men who have sex with men reporting being prescribed preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) to prevent HIV infection. In 2016, half (51.3%) of the estimated 33,165 eligible men who have sex with men reported being prescribed PrEP by their health care provider.

How Good Is Your Rule of Thumb? Validating Male-to-Female Case Ratio as a Proxy for Men Who Have Sex With Men Involvement in N. gonorrhoeae Incidence at the County Level.

Background: Lacking information on men who have sex with men (MSM) for most reported cases, sexually transmitted disease (STD) programs in the United States have used crude measures such as male-to-female case ratios (MFCR) as a rule of thumb to gauge MSM involvement at the local level, primarily with respect to syphilis cases in the past. Suitability of this measure for gonorrhea incidence has not previously been investigated.

Methods: A random sample of gonorrhea cases reported from January 2010 through June 2013 were interviewed in selected counties participating in the STD Surveillance Network to obtain gender of sex partners and history of transactional sex.

Integrating HIV Testing as an Outcome of STD Partner Services for Men Who Have Sex with Men.

Men who have sex with men (MSM) with bacterial sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are at elevated risk for HIV infection, but often do not test for HIV at time of STD diagnosis. We instituted and evaluated a program promoting HIV testing through STD partner services (PS). In May 2012, health departments in Washington State modified STD PS programs with the objective of providing PS to all MSM with early syphilis, gonorrhea, or chlamydial infection and ensuring that those without a prior HIV diagnosis tested for HIV infection.

HIV Incidence Among Men Who Have Sex With Men After Diagnosis With Sexually Transmitted Infections.

Background: Men who have sex with men (MSM) are at high risk for acquiring HIV infection after diagnosis with other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Identifying the STIs associated with the greatest risk of subsequent HIV infection could help target prevention interventions, particularly preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP).

Methods: Using matched HIV and STI surveillance data from Washington State from January 1, 2007, to June 30, 2013, we calculated the incidence of new HIV diagnoses after different STI diagnoses among MSM.

US college and university student health screening requirements for tuberculosis and vaccine-preventable diseases, 2012.

Objective: Colleges are at risk for communicable disease outbreaks because of the high degree of person-to-person interactions and relatively crowded dormitory settings. This report describes the US college student health screening requirements among US resident and international students for tuberculosis (TB) and vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs) as they relate to the American College Health Association (ACHA) guidelines. Methods/Participants: In April 2012, US college health administrators (N = 2,858) were sent online surveys to assess their respective school's TB screening and immunization requirements.

Impact of port of entry referrals on initiation of follow-up evaluations for immigrants with suspected tuberculosis: Illinois.

US-bound immigrants with suspected non-infectious TB are encouraged to be medically re-evaluated after arrival in the United States. We evaluated the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's immigrant referral process, designed to facilitate timely post-arrival evaluations. Over 1,200 immigrants with suspected TB arriving during October 1, 2008-September 30, 2010 were identified.

Malaria prevention knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) among international flying pilots and flight attendants of a US commercial airline.

Background: In 2010, malaria caused approximately 216 million infections in people and 655,000 deaths. In the United States, imported malaria cases occur every year, primarily in returning travelers and immigrants from endemic countries. In 2010, five Plasmodium falciparum malaria cases occurred among crew members of one US commercial airline company (Airline A).

Enuresis associated with sleep disordered breathing in children with sickle cell anemia.

Purpose: Enuresis and sleep disordered breathing are common among children with sickle cell anemia. We evaluated whether enuresis is associated with sleep disordered breathing in children with sickle cell anemia.

Materials And Methods: Baseline data were used from a multicenter prospective cohort study of 221 unselected children with sickle cell anemia.