Incidence of Ureteroenteric Anastomotic Strictures After Robotic vs Open Cystectomy in Adults.

To synthesise the evidence comparing the incidence rates of UAS post-RARC vs Open Radical cystectomy (ORC) in adults undergoing cystectomy and to compare differential stricture rates between Extracorporeal and Intracorporeal urinary diversion (ECUD vs ICUD). The primary outcome was incidence rate of UAS post RARC vs ORC and the secondary outcome was incidence rate of UAS in RARC post ECUD vs ICUD. Review authors conducted comprehensive search for studies comparing RARC with ORC in terms of incidence of UAS.

Comparison of two patients presenting with the clear cell variant of urothelial cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder: laser-assisted partial cystectomy for local disease versus chemotherapy for locally advanced disease.

A 43-year-old woman and a 73-year-old man were referred separately from primary care to the urology service with short histories of frank haematuria. In both cases, histology from transurethral resection of their bladder tumours demonstrated the rare clear cell variant of urothelial/transitional cell carcinoma. Staging scans found the former patient had low-volume local disease, and the latter had locally advanced disease.

Differential mechanisms of bicalutamide-induced apoptosis in prostate cell lines.

Bicalutamide is a non-steroidal antiandrogen used in the treatment of prostate cancer. Although widely accepted as an androgen receptor antagonist, the mechanism by which it induces apoptosis remains unclear. Defining exact pathways by which bicalutamide induces its apoptotic effects would help to advance its clinical applications.

Is digital rectal examination still necessary in the early detection of prostate cancer?

Background: PSA measurement is important in prostate cancer detection. However, applying cut-off values of >4 ng/ml as indication for biopsy misses 20-30% of tumours.

Aims: To determine the number of patients with prostate cancer and normal age-related PSA, referred for TRUS biopsy due to abnormal DRE alone.

Medical and minimally invasive treatment of urinary incontinence.

Newer agents and procedures give urologists more options in treating patients who have urinary incontinence related to such etiologies as an ineffective sphincter, detrusor hypersensitivity, obstruction, or a combination of these. Abolition of the involuntary contractions characteristic of detrusor instability can be accomplished pharmacologically or surgically. First-line anticholinergic agents are tolterodine and oxybutynin XL, given orally.

Novel antiproliferative flavonoids induce cell cycle arrest in human prostate cancer cell lines.

Epidemiologic studies have demonstrated an inverse association between flavonoid intake and prostate cancer (PCa) risk. The East Asian diet is very high in flavonoids and, correspondingly, men in China and Japan have the lowest incidence of PCa worldwide. There are thousands of different naturally occurring and synthetic flavonoids.

The role of orchiectomy in the management of postpubertal cryptorchidism.

Purpose: Owing to the risk of future malignancy, many postpubertal male subjects presenting with unilateral cryptorchidism undergo orchiectomy rather than orchiopexy. We examined the incidence of spermatogenesis and carcinogenesis in whole orchiectomy specimens removed from postpubertal cryptorchid male subjects. We review the concept that orchiectomy is justifiable in these patients.