Expression of toll-like receptors on human rectal adenocarcinoma cells.

The innate immune system uses Toll-like receptors (TLR) to detect the presence of pathogen patterns thus allowing for rapid host defense responses. Stimulation of TLR results in inflammatory response and regulatory cytokine production affecting acquired immunity. The aim of the study was an evaluation of TLR2 and TLR4 expression on the surface of human colon cancer cells in primary culture with or without autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

[Neutrophils and hyaluronians in carcinogenesis].

Inflammatory processes involving polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) play an important role in cancer. PMNL can affect the formation and growth of the tumor. Cancer cells produce significant amounts of hyaluronans (HA), which pass into the extracellular space and are responsible for the inhibition of PMNL function through TLR4 receptor, and increase in the production of IL 10 the immunosuppressive cytokine as well as the other proinflammatory cytokines.

[Anti-tumor activity of 1-O-alkylglycerols--the main component of shark liver oil].

Fish oils contain several active compounds that modify cell activity and influence various functions of the human body. Shark liver oils are rich in 1-O-alkylglycerols which have strong ability to stimulate human immune system. In this review we discuss findings of the recent studies that showed antitumor properties of 1-O-alkylglycerols derived from fish oils and its effect in adjunctive treatment of several types of cancer.

Immunotherapy of patients with recurrent spontaneous miscarriage and idiopathic infertility: does the immunization-dependent Th2 cytokine overbalance really matter?

Recurrent spontaneous miscarriage (RSM) and idiopathic infertility (IIF) are partially caused by immunologic disturbances. Paternal lymphocyte immunization (PLI) is proposed for restoration of the proper Th1/Th2 balance in these patients, but still there are controversies on PLI mechanism, its efficacy and identification of patients who may benefit from this therapy. The study group consisted of n = 34 RSM and n = 42 IIF women with unexplained miscarriage or IIF.

Expression of Th1/Th2/Th3/Th17-related genes in recurrent aphthous ulcers.

The pathogenesis of recurrent aphthous ulceration (RAU) is unknown, although an abnormal immune reaction appears to be involved. RAU may result from oral epithelium damage caused by T cell-mediated immune response. To improve understanding of the role of T cells in RAU, the present study analyzed.

HLA-C C1C2 heterozygosity may protect women bearing the killer immunoglobulin-like receptor AA genotype from spontaneous abortion.

Spontaneous abortion is the most common complication of human pregnancy. Natural killer (NK) cells expressing killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs), which may recognize HLA-C (i.e.

Evaluation of TLR4 expression and chosen parameters of oxidative-antioxidative balance in young children with food allergy.

The authors evaluated mRNA TLR4 expression on neutrophils and the chosen parameters of oxidative-antioxidative balance in blood of 35 children with food allergy (17 of them with IgE-dependent allergy and 18 with IgE-independent allergy) and 15 healthy children without any allergy. The age of these children ranged from 1 to 36 months. Children with food allergy in comparison with healthy children were found to have lower mRNA TLR4 expression, higher average value of chemiluminescence (CL) and its increase after stimulation by fMLP, PMA and OZ as well as lower TAS values.

Does the KIR2DS5 gene protect from some human diseases?

Background: KIR2DS5 gene encodes an activating natural killer cell receptor whose ligand is not known. It was recently reported to affect the outcome of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Methodology/principal Findings: In our studies on KIR2DS5 gene associations with human diseases, we compared the frequencies of this gene in patients and relevant controls.

Proinflammatory and immunosuppressive serum, ascites and cyst fluid cytokines in patients with early and advanced ovarian cancer and benign ovarian tumors.

Objective: To analyze the profiles of interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) in serum and the tumor microenvironment (cyst fluid, ascites) in women with ovarian cancer or benign ovarian tumors to find the differences in their immunological status. We also estimated serum cytokines as biomarkers to distinguish preoperatively between malignant or benign character of tumors.

Design: Prospective study.

[Production of proinflammatory cytokines by peripheral blood mononuclear cells in cocultures with squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx].

Purpose: Antitumor mechanisms of cellular immune response are connected with the cytokines activity secreted by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). The aim of this study was estimation of proinflammatory cytokine (IL-6 and TNF- ) concentration in patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma and analysis of directed influence of neoplasm cells to the function of PBMC and modification of cytokine profile.

Materials And Methods: For analysis of cytokine secretion, the cultures of isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) with marginal neoplasm cells and noncancerous adjacent mucosa cells from 55 patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma were established.

Production of cytokines during interaction of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with autologous ovarian cancer cells or benign ovarian tumour cells.

Cytokines produced by tumour and immune cells may play a significant role in a modulation of immune cells response against tumour. We investigated an ability of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of patients with early and advanced stages of ovarian cancer and from non-cancer patients to produce various cytokines in the presence or absence of autologous ovarian cancer (OC) cells or benign ovarian tumour (BOT) cells. Activated PBMC of patients with advanced stage of cancer produced slight amount of interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) and what's more, the production of IFN-gamma was decreased in the presence of OC cells.

Frequencies of killer immunoglobulin-like receptor genotypes influence susceptibility to spontaneous abortion.

Natural killer (NK) cells are the most abundant lymphocyte population in the decidua. These cells express killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs), which upon recognition of HLA class I molecules on trophoblasts may either stimulate NK cells (activating KIRs) or inhibit them (inhibitory KIRs) to produce soluble factors necessary for the maintenance of pregnancy. KIR genes exhibit extensive haplotype polymorphism; individuals differ in both the number and kind (activating vs.

Antioxidant effect of hyaluronan on polymorphonuclear leukocyte-derived reactive oxygen species is dependent on its molecular weight and concentration and mainly involves the extracellular space.

Introduction: Hyaluronan (HA), a component of the extracellular matrix, may regulate immune cell functions through its interactions with cellular receptors. Besides its effect on cytokine and chemokine production, its antioxidant properties have been described. However, the mechanisms of this are not fully elucidated.

Dysfunction of CD4+CD25high T regulatory cells in patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis.

Background: Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of unknown etiology characterized by recurring formation of painful oral ulcers. RAS may result from oral epithelium damage caused by T-cell-mediated immune response. CD4(+)CD25(+) T regulatory (Treg) cells suppress proliferation and effector functions of other immune cells, and therefore are crucial in regulating the immune response.

[Hyaluronan-mediated regulation of inflammation].

Hyaluronan is high-molecular-weight biopolymer. Its linear structure is created by repeating disaccharide units. A single unit is composed of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine and D-glucuronic acid.

Isolated head injury in children affects the neutrophil function and lymphocyte count.

Background: Outcomes of treatment of postinjury complications remain unsatisfactory and research continues into the impact of trauma on innate and acquired immunity. The aim of our study was to describe how head injury affects a child's immunity by measuring the neutrophil function and lymphocytes subsets.

Methods: The peripheral blood of 16 children with head trauma (Glasgow Coma Score < or =9) was examined.

Lipopolysaccharide-activated CD4+CD25+ T regulatory cells inhibit neutrophil function and promote their apoptosis and death.

CD4+CD25+ T regulatory (Treg) cells play a central role in the suppression of immune response and prevention of autoimmune reactions. Pathogen recognition receptors expressed by immune cells, such as TLRs, may provide a critical link between the innate and adaptive immune systems. There is also evidence that TLR ligands can directly modulate the suppressive capacity of Treg cells.

Involvement of innate immunity in the pathogenesis of chronic hepatitis C in children.

The aim of the study was to assess the role of selected elements of innate immunity in the pathogenesis of chronic hepatitis C in children. The study comprised 20 children with chronic hepatitis C (group 1), nine healthy hepatitis C virus (HCV) seropositive children (group 2) and 18 healthy children (control group). We evaluated the expression of Toll-like receptor (TLR)2 and TLR4 on peripheral blood neutrophils, and generation of interleukin (IL)-8, IL-10, IL-12 and reactive oxygen species (ROS) by neutrophils.

[Biological action and clinical application of shark liver oil].

Fish oils contain several active compounds that modify cell activity and influence various functions of the body. Shark liver oils are rich in alkylglycerols and squalene, but contain relatively low amounts of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Alkylglycerols may control immune response possibly throw modification of platelet activating factor (PAF) and diacylglycerol (DAG) production.

[Inflammation is a key effector phase in immune reactions].

Inflammation is key element in effector phase of all immune processes and create a cascade system of specific enzyme functions regulated in autocrine way. Humoral antigen-antibody reaction activate the complement system which is responsible for secondary mediatots generation and tissues destruction. Liberated mediators like kinins, leukotriens inflammatory cytokines and activated cell bound metalloproteases in tissues and blood vessels are responsible for oedema of tissues, pain, cell destruction and organ dysfunction.

Interleukin 6 and 8 levels in plasma and fibroblast cultures in psoriasis.

Fibroblasts have been implicated in psoriatic inflammatory processes. The aim of the study was to evaluate soluble interleukin 2 receptor (sIL-2R), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and interleukin 8 (IL-8) plasma levels in psoriatic patients and IL-6 and IL-8 levels in fibroblast culture supernatants. Cytokines levels in plasma and supernatants were measured by ELISA.

[Does the hearing loss affect the child's innate immunity?--preliminary].

Unlabelled: Human neutrophiles play a crucial role in inmate immunity. Inmate and aquired immune response depend on their functional condition at the first stage of an inflammation process. Reactive forms of oxygen (RFO) produced by neutrophiles play a significant role in the eradication of pathogens as well as in the regulation of immune response.

[Perspectives of endometriosis treatment].

In recent years a dynamic development of research on endometriosis has been observed. Complex and not definitively recognized etiopathogenesis, impedes diagnostic progress and effective treatment. Frequent incidence of endometriosis in reproductive age and high percentage of the illness in the group of patients with infertility, both determine the importance of that issue.

Reactive oxygen intermediates and serum antioxidative system in patients with chronic C hepatitis treated with IFN-alpha and thymus factor X.

Introduction: In this study, the chemiluminescence (CL) of peripheral blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNLs) and the serum total antioxidative system (TAS) were assessed in patients with chronic C hepatitis (CCH) before and after 3 and 6 months of treatment with interferon (IFN)-alpha and thymus factor X (TFX).

Material/methods: The study included 26 patients with CCH aged between 25-63 years (mean: 42.67).

Influence of systemic photochemotherapy on regulatory T cells and selected cytokine production in psoriatic patients: a pilot study.

Background: Psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease of the skin with strong genetic and environmental risk factors and is regarded as a Th1 cell-type disease. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of one-month PUVA (Psoralen Ultraviolet A) therapy on a regulatory T-cell subpopulation (CD4+CD25+) and the production of some cytokines.

Material/methods: The study was performed on the group of 12 patients with severe psoriasis.