Clinical Presentation of Carotid-Cavernous Fistula and Outcomes of Endovascular Balloon Embolization.

Objectives: To describe the clinical presentation of carotico-cavernous fistula (CCF) and outcomes of endovascular balloon embolization in a tertiary care center in a developing country.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective interventional case series included 18 patients who underwent endovascular balloon embolization from 2019 to 2022 at Lahore General Hospital in Lahore, Pakistan. The analyzed data consisted of age, gender, cause and type of CCF, clinical presentation, diagnostic technique used, intervention, and the results of two-month follow-up.

Virtual patients versus standardized patients for improving clinical reasoning skills in ophthalmology residents. A randomized controlled trial.

Background: History taking and clinical reasoning are important skills that require knowledge, cognition and meta-cognition. It is important that a trainee must experience multiple encounters with different patients to practice these skills. However, patient safety is also important, and trainees are not allowed to handle critically ill patients.

Clinical Patterns And Outcomes Of Retinoblastoma In A Tertiary Care Centre Of A Developing Country.

A retrospective study was conducted for which records of patients with Retinoblastoma (RB), treated at Lahore General Hospital between 2017 and 2021, were retrieved on February 1, 2022. Staging of RB, neuroimaging, RetCam images, and treatment were analysed. The study included 47 patients (22 females and 25 males).

Comparison of changes in retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and intraocular pressure between glaucoma and non-glaucoma patients after phacoemulsification.

Objective: To compare the changes in Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer (RNFL) thickness and Intraocular Pressure (IOP) after phacoemulsification in patients with glaucoma versus without glaucoma.

Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study, done at Lahore General Hospital, from January 2021 to December 2021. Patients with senile cataract were divided into two groups.

A comparison of SRK/T formula with Hill RBF 2 and Barrett Universal II in the calculation of intraocular lens power.

Objective: To compare the accuracy of SRK/T, Barrett Universal II and Hill radial basis activation function-2 formulas in intraocular lens power calculation using different axial lengths.

Methods: The retrospective study was conducted at the Lahore General Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan, and comprised data from June to December 2020 of patients who underwent phacoemulsification with non-toric, monofocal intraocular lens implantation. Data was sorted in 3 groups on the basis of axial length; group 1 22-25mm, group 2>25mm, and group 3 <22mm.

Simple Congenital Hamartoma of Retinal Pigment Epithelium.

A 45-year female presented in the Outpatient Department of a tertiary care hospital of Lahore with dimness of vision in the right eye. Her history revealed that the patient had noticed decreased vision since her childhood. Fundus examination revealed a jet-black slightly raised lesion about the size of ¼-disc diameter, located in the centre of macula.

Association of Dry Eye Disease with Diabetic Retinopathy.

Objective: To find out the relationship of dry eye disease with diabetic retinopathy, duration of diabetes and blood sugar levels in patients of type 2 diabetes using ocular surface disease index (OSDI).

Study Design: Cross sectional observational study.

Place And Duration Of Study: Rashid Latif Medical College / Arif Memorial Teaching Hospital,  Lahore, Pakistan, from January to June 2019.

Comparative Analysis of Serum Proangiogenic Biomarkers between those with and without Diabetic Retinopathy.

Objective: To compare the serum proangiogenic biomarkers in diabetic patients suffering from with and without diabetic retinopathy (DR).

Study Design: An observational study.

Place And Duration Of Study: Arif Memorial Teaching Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan and Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology/Centre for Research in Molecular Medicine, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan, from March to December 2017.

Effect of intravitreal bevacizumab on macular thickness: exploring serum and vitreous proangiogenic biomarkers in patients with diabetic macular edema.

Background/aim: This study evaluates diabetic macular-edema (DME) patients for the effect of intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) injection on macular thickness and proangiogenic biomarkers in serum and vitreous.

Materials And Methods: Forty DME patients were analyzed for macular thickness (MT). Twelve proangiogenic biomarkers in serum and vitreous were analyzed before and after IVB.

Ocular ischemic syndrome and ischemic optic neuropathy in Takayasu arteritis.

Ocular Ischemic Syndrome (OIS) is a disorder, which consists of constellation of signs and symptoms secondary to chronic ocular hypoperfusion. We report a case of 35 years old Pakistani female who presented to us with gradual fall of vision in both eyes. On examination, she had bilateral OIS and ischemic optic neuropathy.

Pityriasis alba with poliosis.

Pityriasis alba is a skin disease, commonly seen in children and young adults. This case presents the ocular association of this disease in a 10 years old Pakistani male. Ocular features in this case were poliosis, tilted disc, high myopia and chorioretinal degeneration.

Weber's syndrome with vertical gaze palsy.

Weber's syndrome with vertical gaze palsy is rarely reported in literature. We present a case of a 47-year-old female who developed sudden onset of left exotropia, right sided hemiplegia and vertical gaze palsy. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed multiple infarcts involving both thalami and extending caudally into the midbrain.

Increased corneal curvature with posterior nanophthalmos.

Posterior microphthalmos is a rare condition which is characterized by the disproportionately small size of the posterior segment of the eye. The corneal diameter, central anterior chamber depth and the lens thickness are all within the normal range. We present a case of posterior microphthalmos with all normal anterior segment measurements except increased corneal curvature.