Outcome of Undergraduate Medical Education using Medical Simulation according to Students' Feedback.

Objectives: This study aimed to determine students' overall satisfaction with clinical simulation sessions and compare the satisfaction levels of obstetrics/gynaecology (OBGYN) students (group one) and internal medicine students (group two).

Methods: This study was conducted from January to June 2019 at the Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain. Students from year five were included and offered sessions that used simulations to support clinical skill development.

The Effects of Hydroxyurea Therapy on the Six-Minute Walk Distance in Patients with Adult Sickle Cell Anemia: An Echocardiographic Study.

Background: The impact of hydroxyurea (HU) medication as treatment of choice has not been evaluated in adult sickle cell anemia (SCA) patients in terms of the 6-min walk distance (6 MWD).

Aim: The aim of the study was evaluating the effects of HU on the 6 MWD, serum brain natriuretic peptide (NT-pro BNP) level, and pulmonary hypertension (PH) measured by tricuspid regurgitation velocity (TRV).

Methods: In this cross-sectional, prospective study, 110 patients with homozygous SCA were studied and compared with age- and gender-matched healthy controls.

Risk Stratification and in Hospital Morality in Patients Presenting with Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) in Bahrain.

Background: Risk factors and short-term mortality in patients presented with Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) in Bahrain has not been evaluated before.

Aim: In this prospective observational study, we aim to determine the clinical risk profiles of patients with ACS in Bahrain and describe the incidence, pattern of presentation and predictors of in-hospital clinical outcomes after admission.

Methods: Patients with ACS were prospectively enrolled over a 12 month period.

Disparity in ST-segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Practices and Outcomes in Arabian Gulf Countries (Gulf COAST Registry).

Objectives: The objective of this study is to describe contemporary management and 1-year outcomes of patients hospitalized with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in Arabian Gulf countries.

Methods: Data of patients admitted to 29 hospitals in four Gulf countries [Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, United Arab Emirates (UAE)] with the diagnosis of STEMI were analyzed from Gulf locals with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) events (Gulf COAST) registry. This was a longitudinal, observational registry of consecutive citizens, admitted with ACS from January 2012 to January 2013.

Hormonal and echocardiographic abnormalities in adult patients with sickle-cell anemia in Bahrain.

Background: Adrenal, thyroid, and parathyroid gland hormonal changes are recognized in children with homozygous (HbSS) sickle-cell anemia (SCA), but are not clear in adult patients with SCA.

Aim: To assess the metabolic and endocrine abnormalities in adult patients with SCA and evaluate left ventricular (LV) systolic and diastolic functions compared with patients with no SCA and further study the relationship between serum levels of cortisol, free thyroxine (T4), and testosterone with serum ferritin.

Materials And Methods: The study was conducted on 82 patients with adult HbSS SCA compared with a sex- and age-matched control group.

Pain frequency, severity and QT dispersion in adult patients with sickle cell anemia: correlation with inflammatory markers.

Background: Inflammatory markers are increased during vaso-occlusive crisis (VOC) in adult patients with sickle cell anemia (SCA), but this is not clear in clinical steady state.

Aim: The present study aims to establish the frequency and intensity of bone pain episodes in adult patients with SCA in clinical steady state and to determine the correlation between different inflammatory markers, other variables including QT dispersion (QTd) and pain frequency and intensity in SCA.

Patients And Methods: Patients were classified into two groups: group 1, those with more than three hospital admissions in the last 6 months, and group 2, those with no hospital admission.

Predictors of abnormal bone mass density in adult patients with homozygous sickle-cell disease.

Background: Adult patients with sickle-cell disease (SCD) often have multiple bone compactions causing tissue hypoxia and osteonecrosis. The impact on bone abnormalities lesion detected by bone mass density is not well defined.

Aim: The study is a cross sectional, perspective was designed to assess the prevalence of abnormal BMD in adult Bahraini patients with SCD and to assess the predictive risk of different metabolic variables such as serum level of vitamin D3, testosterone, and parathyroid hormone in addition to lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), hemoglobin (Hb), and reticulocyte count for the development of abnormal bone density on dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan.

Thyroid function status and echocardiographic abnormalities in patients with Beta thalassemia major in bahrain.

Background: Thyroid gland dysfunction and echocardiographic cardiac abnormalities are well-documented in patients with transfusion dependent beta-thalassemia major (β-TM).

Aim: This cross-sectional analytic study was conducted to investigate left ventricle (LV) diastolic and systolic function using pulsed Doppler (PD) and tissue Doppler (TD) echocardiography and correlate that with serum level thyroid stimulating hormone in patients with β-TM.

Methods: The study was conducted on patients with β-TM (n = 110, age 15.

Why does kidney allograft fail? A long-term single-center experience.

We studied the characteristics and the predictors of survival in Bahraini renal transplant recipients with an allograft that functioned for more than 10 years. Seventy-eight patients underwent renal transplantation between 1982 and 1999. Among them, 56 patients maintained functioning allografts for more than 10 years (range 10-30 years).

The impact of two different doses of chelating therapy (deferasirox) on echocardiographic tissue Doppler indices in patients with thalassemia major.

Background: Chelating therapy in transfusion-dependent patients with β-thalassemia major (β-TM) is mandatory to reduce the toxic effect of iron on the myocardium.

Aim: To evaluate the impact of low and high dose of oral chelating therapy (deferasirox) on pulsed and tissue echocardiographic indices in patients with β-TM.

Methods: This interventional study conducted on patients with transfusion-dependent β-TM (n=38) on deferasirox 20 mg/kg/d medication, group (DFX-20) for at least 6 months, followed by administration of a higher dose of deferasirox, 40 mg/kg/d, group (DFX-40) for another 6 months.

The pro-BNP Serum Level and Echocardiographic Tissue Doppler Abnormalities in Patients with Beta Thalassemia Major.

Background: Doppler echocardiographic studies of the left ventricle (LV) function in patients with β-Thalassemia Major (β-TM) had shown different patterns of systolic and diastolic dysfunctions associated with abnormal serum brain natriuretic peptide (BNP).

Aim: This cross-sectional study was designed to study the LV systolic and diastolic functions and correlate that with serum level of N-terminal pro brain natriuretic hormone (NT- pro BNP) in patients with β-TM using Pulsed Doppler (PD) and Tissue Doppler (TD) echocardiography.

Methods: The study was conducted on patients with β-TM (n = 38, age 15.

Pulsed and Tissue Doppler Echocardiographic Changes in Hypertensive Crisis with and without End Organ Damage.

Background: Hypertensive crisis (HC) is a common medical emergency associated with acute rise in arterial blood pressure that leads to end-organ damage (EOD). Therefore, it is imperative to find markers that may help in the prediction of EOD in acute hypertensive crisis.

Aim: To assess the clinical presentations on admission; echocardiographic changes of pulsed and tissue Doppler changes in EOD patients compared with no EOD; and the risk of developing end organ damage for clinical and biochemical variables in hypertension crisis.

Prevalence and Predisposing Factors of Atrial Fibrillation in a Multi-Ethnic Society: The Impact of Racial Differences in Bahrain.

Background: The prevalence and epidemiological data of atrial fibrillation (AF) among multi-ethnic populations is less well studied worldwide.

Aim: Evaluation of the prevalence and predisposing factors of AF in patients who were admitted to acute medical emergencies (ER) in Bahrain over the period of one year.

Methods: Two hundred and fifty three patients with onset of AF were studied.

QTc Interval and QT Dispersion in Patients with Thalassemia Major: Electrocardiographic (EKG) and Echocardiographic Evaluation.

Background: Doppler echocardiographic studies in patients with beta-Thalassemia Major (beta-TM) had shown different patterns of left ventricle (LV) systolic and diastolic dysfunctions.

Aim: This cross-sectional study was designed to study the LV systolic and diastolic function in patients with beta-TM using Pulsed Doppler (PD) Echocardiogram and assess the QTc interval and QT dispersion (QTd) on 12 leads ECG.

Method: All patients were evaluated clinically as well as by echocardiography and 12 leads ECG.

Sirolimus-based calcineurin inhibitor withdrawal immunosuppressive regimen in kidney transplantation: a single center experience.

Background/aim: This observational study was conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the conversion from calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) to sirolimus (SRL)-based immunosuppressive therapy in kidney transplantation.

Materials And Methods: Sixty-four kidney recipients of mean age 38.3 +/- 14.

The impact of left ventricular preload reduction on cardiac pulsed Doppler indices during hemodialysis and its relation to intra-dialysis hypotension: a pulsed Doppler study.

Fluid status in the body plays an important role on left ventricular (LV) filling in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) on regular hemodialysis (HD), and plays a role in intra-dialysis hemo-dynamic derangement. Fifty-two patients with ESRD on regular HD, including 34 males with a mean age of 45.5 +/- 13 years (range 18-72 years), were studied.

The threshold of admission glycemia as a predictor of adverse events in diabetic and non-diabetic patients with acute coronary syndrome.

Unlabelled: Recent studies indicated a high prevalence of hyperglycemia in non-diabetic patients presenting with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). However, the threshold of admission glucose (AG) as a predictor of adverse events in ACS is unclear.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the threshold of admission glucose (AG) as a predictor of adverse events including Major Acute Cardiac Events (MACE) and mortality, during the first week of admitting patients presenting with ACS.

The angiotensin type 1 receptor antagonist valsartan attenuates pathological ventricular hypertrophy induced by hyperhomocysteinemia in rats.

Introduction: Clinical and experimental studies have reported the role of homocysteine in ventricular hypertrophy. Activation of the renin-angiotensin system mediated by angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor has also been suggested to contribute to the pathogenesis of ventricular hypertrophy. There are also reports suggesting the affect of angiotensin II (Ang II) on cardiac hypertrophy is mediated by hyperhomocysteinemia.

Cardiac echinococcosis: echocardiographic diagnosis with a fatal clinical outcome.

Hydatid disease HD is an endemic disease found in various regions of the world. The organs mostly affected are the liver and lung. Cardiac involvement in HD is rare.

The clinical utility of intrapleural streptokinase in a patient with bilateral pleural empyema.

Bilateral thoracic empyema is a rare clinical entity particularly when presented as an initial clinical manifestation. Antibiotic therapy with intercostal thoracostomy drainage tube of the infected pleural space in complicated parapneumonic empyema may not be adequate in many conditions due to multiloculation and adhesion. We describe in this case a previously healthy middle aged male, presented with a bilateral thoracic empyema that was treated initially with antibiotics and intercostal drainage tube without optimal drainage results.