Utilization of biodiesel residue through efficient microwave-assisted synthesis of carbon quantum dots: A versatile nanomaterial for environmental remediation.

The rapid expansion of the biodiesel industry has substantially increased crude glycerol residue (CG) production, creating sustainability and economic challenges due to surplus glycerol generation. Conventional purification methods are costly and environmentally demanding, necessitating innovative strategies to utilize this residue effectively. This study innovates by exploring the microwave-assisted synthesis of carbon dots (CDs) from CG, exemplifying a shift toward sustainable biodiesel production by transforming the residue into a multifunctional material.