Adam Politzer (1835-1920): The Founder of Clinical Otology.

Adam Politzer was a Hungarian surgeon and medical scientist, credited with describing the cochlear nucleus and otitis media, revolutionizing its treatment through his invention of "Politzerization." After receiving training from notable medical figures in Vienna and London, where he studied and trained as a surgeon respectively, he became Vienna's first professor of otology. In 1873, he established the first dedicated otology clinic in the world.

Transfusion-free Strategies in Liver and Pancreatic Surgery: A Predictive Model of Blood Conservation for Transfusion Avoidance in Mainstream Populations.

Objective: The objective of this study is to (1) describe the techniques and prove the feasibility of performing complex hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery on a Jehovah Witness (JW) population.  (2) Describe a strategy that offsets surgical blood loss by the manipulation of circulating blood volume to create reserve whole blood upon anesthesia induction.

Background: Major liver and pancreatic resections often require operative transfusions.