Feeding Dynamics In Very Preterm Infants With Delayed Oral Feeding Attainment.

Introduction: We aimed to characterize features that can accurately identify preterm infants at risk of delay in oral feeding attainment.

Methods: A prospective observational study of infants born between 250/7 to 326/7 weeks' gestation. Early independent oral feed attainment (EPO) was defined as independent oral feeding within 35 days of initiation and late attainment (LPO) defined at or after 35 days following initiation.

Developing and Applying the BE-FAIR Equity Framework to a Population Health Predictive Model: A Retrospective Observational Cohort Study.

Background: Population health programs rely on healthcare predictive models to allocate resources, yet models can perpetuate biases that exacerbate health disparities among marginalized communities.

Objective: We developed the Bias-reduction and Equity Framework for Assessing, Implementing, and Redesigning (BE-FAIR) healthcare predictive models, an applied framework tested within a large health system using a population health predictive model, aiming to minimize bias and enhance equity.

Design: Retrospective cohort study conducted at an academic medical center.

Repeated spaced paired-associative stimulation to the parietal-motor pathway maintains corticomotor excitability in older adults.

Introduction: Cortical paired associative stimulation (cPAS), repeated at spaced intervals and applied to the primary motor cortex (M1) and posterior parietal cortex (PPC), has a dose-dependent effect on corticomotor excitability in young adults. The present study investigated whether aging affects this additive (nonhomeostatic) metaplasticity by performing the same manipulation in a sample of older adults.

Methods: In the multi-dose cPAS condition, three consecutive sessions of the Hebbian-plasticity-induction cPAS protocol were administered with a 50-minute interval between sessions.

A non-randomized pilot study to test the feasibility of developing a frailty scale for pet cats.

Introduction: Human frailty has long been studied and dozens of "frailty scales" have been developed, but equivalent research is more limited in cats. This pilot study aimed to determine the feasibility of recruiting and retaining veterinary practices and owners, collecting study data, and analyzing results about frailty in older cats.

Methods: Participating feline-exclusive practice veterinarians recruited cats aged 11-20 years, of either sex and of any breed.

Infection by Clonally Related Isolates: The Role of Drinking Water.

Rationale: group bacteria (MABS) cause lethal infections in people with chronic lung diseases. Transmission mechanisms remain poorly understood; the detection of dominant circulating clones (DCCs) has suggested potential for person-to-person transmission.

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the role of drinking water in the transmission of MABS.

CT Colonography for Colorectal Cancer Prevention and Detection: Integration Into Clinical Practice, From the Special Series on Screening.

CT colonography (CTC) is a CT examination, performed with low dose and typically without IV contrast media, optimized to detect colorectal polyps and cancer. Despite extensive supporting data, CTC has had variable acceptance and use over the past two decades, particularly for a main indication of colorectal cancer screening. CTC is now at an inflection point after the approval in 2025 by CMS for reimbursement of CTC performed for colorectal cancer screening.

Second booster doses of adenoviral- and mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines increase protection against COVID-19 hospitalization: Final analysis from the REFORCO-Brazil real-world effectiveness study during Omicron.

Background: Booster doses of COVID-19 vaccines are required to maintain protection against SARS-CoV-2. However, real-world evidence from South America, needed to inform optimal vaccination strategies, is lacking. Herein, we present the final analysis of REFORCO-Brazil, a large-scale assessment of relative vaccine effectiveness (rVE) of second boosters (vs first boosters) against hospitalization with COVID-19.

Correction: Examining the Effectiveness of Electronic Patient-Reported Outcomes in People With Cancer: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.2196/49089.].

A british society of gastrointestinal and abdominal radiology (BSGAR) multi-Centre audit of imaging investigations in inflammatory bowel disease.

Objectives: To evaluate current UK practice for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) imaging against recommendations from published international literature.

Methods: A retrospective multi-centre audit was undertaken evaluating imaging modalities, protocols and pathways used to investigate IBD both in outpatient and inpatient settings during January-December 2022. Reporting practices and training provisions were also recorded.

Metabolic Improvements With Tirzepatide in Lipodystrophy: A Novel Option?

Objective: Lipodystrophy encompasses a group of rare disorders associated with severe metabolic disease. These disorders are defined by abnormal fat distribution, with near-total (generalized lipodystrophy [GL]) or partial (partial lipodystrophy [PL]; e.g.

Awake Prone Positioning in Adults With COVID-19: An Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis.

Importance: The impact of awake prone positioning (APP) on clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19 and acute hypoxemic respiratory failure (AHRF) remains uncertain.

Objective: To assess the association of APP with improved clinical outcomes among patients with COVID-19 and AHRF, and to identify potential effect modifiers.

Data Sources: PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.

Declining pharmacy student enrollment, its impact on health-system pharmacy, and a call to action.

In an effort to expedite the publication of articles, AJHP is posting manuscripts online as soon as possible after acceptance. Accepted manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and copyedited, but are posted online before technical formatting and author proofing. These manuscripts are not the final version of record and will be replaced with the final article (formatted per AJHP style and proofed by the authors) at a later time.

Towards more connection in drought and flood management in the transboundary Limpopo basin.

Unlabelled: Improved drought and flood management in semi-arid transboundary basins requires a better understanding of the connections between dry and wet extremes, surface water and groundwater, upstream and downstream, and local communities and formal governance actors. This study describes a multi-disciplinary and mixed-methods research in the Limpopo River Basin, southern Africa. The methodology included hydrometeorological data analysis to identify drought and flood events, group discussions with 240 local community participants about drought and flood processes, impacts and preparedness, and interviews with 36 (inter)national and regional water managers and policymakers about drought and flood governance, early warning and communication.

Small Bowel Motility Quantified by Cine MRI to Predict Longer-Term Response in Patients with Crohn's Disease Commencing Biological Therapy: The Motility Study.

Background: Small bowel Crohn's disease (SBCD) is increasingly treated with biological therapies. Predicting response or remission (RoR) for individual patients is difficult and complicates treatment strategy. We aimed to determine if motility magnetic resonance imaging (mMRI) is superior to CRP and fecal calprotectin (FC) for the prediction of RoR at 1 year in patients commencing biologics for SBCD.

AMPK phosphosite profiling by label-free mass spectrometry reveals a multitude of mTORC1-regulated substrates.

The nutrient-sensitive protein kinases AMPK and mTORC1 form a fundamental negative feedback loop that governs cell growth and proliferation. mTORC1 phosphorylates α2-S345 in the AMPK αβγ heterotrimer to suppress its activity and promote cell proliferation under nutrient stress conditions. Whether AMPK contains other functional mTORC1 substrates is unknown.

Low- and High-Energy Falls With Associated Traumatic Brain Injury: Epidemiology and Outcomes.

Introduction: Falls are among the most common causes of injuries treated in emergency departments (ED), accounting for approximately 30% of all injury-related ED visits. Falls are also a significant cause of traumatic brain injury (TBI), a fact for individuals across the aging spectrum. Despite an abundance of information on the association between falls and TBI, limited investigation has occurred into the differences in population characteristics and outcomes based on fall energy (low-energy vs.

All-cause mortality and neighborhood social vulnerability among women with ovarian cancer.

Objective: Neighborhood-level social determinants of health (N-SDoH) impact cancer survival. However, the relationship between N-SDoH and epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) survival remains understudied.

Methods: We used data on all Pennsylvania residents diagnosed with EOC from 2000 to 2023 throughout the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center to assess the impact of N-SDoH on survival.

A single-cell atlas of circulating immune cells over the first 2 months of age in extremely premature infants.

Extremely premature infants (EPIs) who are born before 30 weeks of gestation are susceptible to infection; however, the trajectory of their peripheral immunity is poorly understood. Here, we undertook longitudinal analyses of immune cells from 250 μl of whole blood at 1 week, 1 month, and 2 months from 10 EPIs and compared these with samples from healthy adults and with preterm and full-term cord blood samples. Single-cell suspensions from individual samples were split to perform single-cell RNA sequencing, T and B cell receptor sequencing, and phosphoprotein mass cytometry.

Oropharyngeal Staphylococcus aureus is linked to higher mortality in long-term aged care residents.

Background: Biological ageing, healthcare interactions, and pharmaceutical and environmental exposures in later life alter the characteristics of the oropharyngeal (OP) microbiome. These changes, including an increased susceptibility to colonisation by pathobiont species, have been linked with diverse health outcomes.

Objectives: To investigate the relationship between OP microbiome characteristics and all-cause mortality in long-term aged care residents.

Reproducible image-based profiling with Pycytominer.

Advances in high-throughput microscopy have enabled the rapid acquisition of large numbers of high-content microscopy images. Next, whether by deep learning or classical algorithms, image analysis pipelines commonly produce single-cell features. To process these single cells for downstream applications, we present Pycytominer, a user-friendly, open-source Python package that implements the bioinformatics steps key to image-based profiling.

The forkhead transcription factor FKH-7/FOXP acts in chemosensory neurons to regulate developmental decision-making.

Autism is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder with many associated genetic factors, including the forkhead transcription factor FOXP1. Although FOXP1's neuronal role is well-studied, the specific molecular consequences of different pathogenic variants in physiologically-relevant contexts are unknown. Here we ascribe the first function to FKH-7/FOXP, which acts in two chemosensory neuron classes to promote the larval decision to enter the alternative, developmentally-arrested dauer life stage.

Assessing competence of primary care respiratory healthcare professionals to deliver a psychologically-based intervention for people with COPD: results from the TANDEM study.

Management of long-term conditions is a significant challenge in contemporary health care as people often require support for both physical and psychological symptoms. Assessing the competence of healthcare professionals delivering psychologically informed interventions informs decisions about future implementation. This is a comprehensive intervention fidelity assessment nested within a randomised controlled trial.

Equity Using Interventions for Pain and Depression (EQUIPD): A pilot randomized trial.

Despite increased calls for improved health equity, Black patients continue to experience worse pain and associated outcomes. Black patients are also offered fewer pain treatment options than White patients and report poorer quality communication with clinicians, including lower participation in shared decision-making. Comorbid depressive symptoms can impede effective pain management and participation in decision-making.

Steatotic Liver Disease in Younger Adults is Associated With Altered Gut Microbiology.

Background And Aims: Steatotic liver disease (SLD) is a leading cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. As SLD pathogenesis has been linked to gut microbiome alterations, we aimed to identify SLD-associated gut microbiome features early in SLD development by utilising a highly characterised cohort of community-dwelling younger adults.

Methods And Results: At age 27 years, 588 participants of the Raine Study Generation 2 underwent cross-sectional assessment.