Attenuation of Excess TNF-α Release in Crohn's Disease by Silencing of iRHOMs 1/2 and the Restoration of TGF-β Mediated Immunosuppression Through Modulation of TACE Trafficking.

TNFα converting enzyme (TACE) is a transmembrane metalloprotease that sheds an assortment of signaling receptors, cytokines, growth factors, and pro-inflammatory mediators. In Crohn's disease (CD), TACE activity is upregulated, resulting in a marked increase of TNFα secretion and inflammation. Although treatment of CD with TNFα monoclonal antibodies is beneficial, many patients are at risk for acquiring opportunistic infections, and the treatment efficacy of TNFα monoclonal antibodies typically decreases over time.

Extra-Pulmonary Complications in SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Comprehensive Multi Organ-System Review.

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, is typically presented with acute symptoms affecting upper and lower respiratory systems. As the current pandemic progresses, COVID-19 patients are experiencing a series of nonspecific or atypical extra-pulmonary complications such as systemic inflammation, hypercoagulability state, and dysregulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). These manifestations often delay testing, diagnosis, and the urge to seek effective treatment.