Subthalamic nucleus-language network connectivity predicts dopaminergic modulation of speech function in Parkinson's disease.

Speech impediments are a prominent yet understudied symptom of Parkinson's disease (PD). While the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is an established clinical target for treating motor symptoms, these interventions can lead to further worsening of speech. The interplay between dopaminergic medication, STN circuitry, and their downstream effects on speech in PD is not yet fully understood.

Alzheimer disease biomarkers are associated with decline in subjective memory, attention, and spatial navigation ability in clinically normal adults.

Objective: Subtle changes in memory, attention, and spatial navigation abilities have been associated with preclinical Alzheimer disease (AD). The current study examined whether baseline AD biomarkers are associated with self- and informant-reported decline in memory, attention, and spatial navigation.

Method: Clinically normal (Clinical Dementia Rating Scale (CDR®) = 0) adults aged 56-93 ( = 320) and their informants completed the memory, divided attention, and visuospatial abilities (which assesses spatial navigation) subsections of the Everyday Cognition Scale (ECog) annually for an average of 4 years.

Clinical utility of self- and informant-reported memory, attention, and spatial navigation in detecting biomarkers associated with Alzheimer disease in clinically normal adults.

Objective: Preclinical Alzheimer disease (AD) has been associated with subtle changes in memory, attention, and spatial navigation abilities. The current study examined whether self- and informant-reported domain-specific cognitive changes are sensitive to AD-associated biomarkers.

Method: Clinically normal adults aged 56-93 and their informants completed the memory, divided attention, and visuospatial abilities (which assesses spatial navigation) subsections of the Everyday Cognition Scale (ECog).

Episodic memory deficit in HIV infection: common phenotype with Parkinson's disease, different neural substrates.

Episodic memory deficits occur in people living with HIV (PLWH) and individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD). Given known effects of HIV and PD on frontolimbic systems, episodic memory deficits are often attributed to executive dysfunction. Although executive dysfunction, evidenced as retrieval deficits, is relevant to mnemonic deficits, learning deficits may also contribute.

Limited Longitudinal Change in Self-reported Spatial Navigation Ability in Preclinical Alzheimer Disease.

Subtle changes in objective spatial navigation ability have been observed in the preclinical stage of Alzheimer disease (AD) cross-sectionally and have been found to predict clinical progression. However, longitudinal change in self-reported spatial navigation ability in preclinical AD has yet to be examined. The current study examined whether AD biomarkers suggestive of preclinical AD at baseline spatial navigation assessment and APOE genotype predicted decline in self-reported spatial navigation ability and whether APOE genotype moderated the association of AD biomarkers with change in self-reported spatial navigation.

Cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease is associated with Default Mode Network subsystem connectivity and cerebrospinal fluid Aβ.

Introduction: To identify clinically implementable biomarkers of cognitive impairment in Parkinson's Disease (PD) derived from resting state-functional MRI (rs-fMRI) and CSF protein analysis.

Methods: In this single-center longitudinal cohort study, we analyzed rs-fMRI and CSF biomarkers from 50 PD patients (23 cognitively normal, 18 mild cognitive impairment, 9 dementia) and 19 controls, who completed comprehensive neuropsychological testing. A subgroup of participants returned for follow-up cognitive assessments three years later.

Cognitive and motor deficits in older adults with HIV infection: Comparison with normal ageing and Parkinson's disease.

Despite the life-extending success of antiretroviral pharmacotherapy in HIV infection (HIV), the prevalence of mild cognitive impairment in HIV remains high. Near-normal life expectancy invokes an emerging role for age-infection interaction and a potential synergy between immunosenescence and HIV-related health factors, increasing risk of cognitive and motor impairment associated with degradation in corticostriatal circuits. These neural systems are also compromised in Parkinson's disease (PD), which could help model the cognitive deficit pattern in HIV.

White Matter Hyperintensities Related to Parkinson's Disease Executive Function.

Background: People with Parkinson's disease (PD) can develop multidomain cognitive impairments; however, it is unclear whether different pathologies underlie domain-specific cognitive dysfunction.

Objectives: We investigated the contribution of vascular copathology severity and location, as measured by MRI white matter hyperintensities (WMHs), to domain-specific cognitive impairment in PD.

Methods: We studied 85 PD (66.

Spatial navigation ability predicts progression of dementia symptomatology.

Introduction: Spatial navigation deficits are observed in Alzheimer's disease cross-sectionally, but prediction of longitudinal clinical decline has been less examined.

Methods: Cognitive mapping (CM) was assessed in 95 participants and route learning (RL) was assessed in 65 participants at baseline. Clinical progression over an average of 4 to 5 years was assessed using the clinical dementia rating (CDR) scale.