Leveraging Vaccines to Reduce Antibiotic Use and Prevent Antimicrobial Resistance: A World Health Organization Action Framework.

This Action Framework identifies priority actions to prevent antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) through expanding the use of licensed vaccines, developing new vaccines that contribute to the prevention and control of AMR, and expanding knowledge about the impact of vaccines on AMR.

Setting the standard: multidisciplinary hallmarks for structural, equitable and tracked antibiotic policy.

There is increasing concern globally about the enormity of the threats posed by antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to human, animal, plant and environmental health. A proliferation of international, national and institutional reports on the problems posed by AMR and the need for antibiotic stewardship have galvanised attention on the global stage. However, the AMR community increasingly laments a lack of action, often identified as an 'implementation gap'.

Marriage dynamics in old Lower California: ecological constraints and reproductive value in an arid peninsular frontier.

It is commonly expected that natural selection will favor earlier reproduction, yet ecological constraints can force people to delay marriage. Furthermore, humans demonstrate sex-specific preferences in marriage partners - with grooms normally a few years older than their brides; however, the age at which individuals marry can influence the spousal age gap. We investigate factors influencing age at first marriage and age difference at marriage using nineteenth-century historical demographic data from Baja California Sur, Mexico.

Measuring antibiotic availability and use in 20 low- and middle-income countries.

Objective: To assess antibiotic availability and use in health facilities in low- and middle-income countries, using the service provision assessment and service availability and readiness assessment surveys.

Methods: We obtained data on antibiotic availability at 13 561 health facilities in 13 service provision assessment and 8 service availability and readiness assessment surveys. In 10 service provision assessment surveys, child consultations with health-care providers were observed, giving data on antibiotic use in 22 699 children.

Anesthesia for Routine and Advanced Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Procedures.

This article aims to detail the breadth and depth of advanced upper gastrointestinal endoscopic procedures. It will focus on sedation and airway management concerns pertaining to this emerged and emerging class of minimally invasive interventions. The article will also cover endoscopic hemostasis, endoscopic resection, stenting and Barrett eradication therapy plus endoscopic ultrasound.

Anesthetic management of maternal Mirror syndrome.

Mirror syndrome (Ballantyne syndrome, triple edema, maternal hydrops, pseudotoxemia) is a rarely diagnosed condition associated with pregnancy that can be life-threatening for both the mother and fetus. There is limited literature on its pathogenesis and anesthetic management, making prevention and treatment complex. The duration of pregnancy and severity of maternal or fetal presentation often determines outcome.

CCL25 increases thymopoiesis after androgen withdrawal.

Although studies have demonstrated that androgen withdrawal increases thymic size, molecular mechanisms underlying this expansion remain largely unknown. We show that decreased androgen signaling leads to enhanced immigration of bone marrow T-cell precursors, as manifested by both an early increase of early thymic progenitors (ETP) and improved uptake of adoptively transferred quantified precursors into congenic castrated hosts. We provide evidence that the ETP niche is enhanced after androgen withdrawal by proliferation of UEA(+) thymic epithelial cells (TEC) and increased TEC production of CCL25, a ligand critical for ETP entry.

Preoperative nutritional status of patients undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass for morbid obesity.

Few data exist concerning preoperative nutritional status in patients undergoing bariatric surgery. We retrospectively analyzed the preoperative values of serum albumin, calcium, 25-OH vitamin D, iron, ferritin, hemoglobin, vitamin B12, and thiamine in 379 consecutive patients (320 women and 59 men; mean body mass index 51.8 +/- 10.

Tuberculosis in Siberia: 2. Diagnosis, chemoprophylaxis and treatment.

Objective: To assess tuberculosis diagnosis, chemoprophylaxis and therapy in Siberia as a paradigm for the Russian Federation.

Design: Data was obtained from official sources and through visits to dispensaries and hospitals in 1994.

Results: Tuberculosis disease and cure is classified according to a Dispensary Group Register based principally on clinical and radiological criteria.

Tuberculosis in Siberia: 1. An epidemiological and microbiological assessment.

Setting: Siberia, Russian Federation.

Objective: To assess the situation regarding tuberculosis as a paradigm for the Russian Federation.

Design: Data was obtained from official sources and through visits to dispensaries and hospitals in 1994.