Transitional immature regulatory B cells and regulatory cytokines can discriminate chronic antibody-mediated rejection from stable graft function.

Background: The balance between inflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses of the immune system has been demonstrated to determine the fate of transplanted allografts. Here we analyzed CD19CD24CD38 immature transitional regulatory B (TRB) cells, as well as the gene and protein levels of interleukin (IL)-10 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β in the three separate groups, include of stable transplanted subjects, chronic antibody-mediated rejection (cAMR) patients, and healthy individuals.

Method: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from stable subjects (n = 36), cAMR patients (n = 36) and healthy controls (n = 18) were isolated.

Macular Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Nephropathic Patients with Diabetic Retinopathy in Iran: A Prospective Case-Control Study.

Background: Diabetic macular ischemia (DMI) is an important category of diabetic retinopathy (DR) which leads to severe visual loss. Clinically, it is defined by an enlargement of the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) that can be detected by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Studies have described a relationship between renal disease and these changes in FAZ area.

Predictors of Clinical Outcomes in Hemodialysis Patients: a Multicenter Observational Study.

Introduction: Cardiovascular and noncardiovascular mortality and morbidity rates of hemodialysis patients are high despite improvement in dialysis delivery.

Materials And Methods: Hemodialysis patients (n = 532) from 9 hemodialysis facilities were enrolled in this cohort study in September 2012. Causes of death, hospitalization, and hemodialysis exit were recorded during a 28-month follow-up period.

Clinical outcomes and quality of life in hemodialysis diabetic patients versus non-diabetics.

Background: Diabetes is the leading cause of end stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide.

Objectives: We compared the clinical outcomes in diabetic patients on hemodialysis (HD) with non-diabetics.

Patients And Methods: Adult maintenance HD patients (N= 532) from 9 HD facilities were enrolled to this prospective cohort study in September 2012.

Hemodialysis vascular access and clinical outcomes: an observational multicenter study.

Background: Arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is the optimal vascular access in hemodialysis (HD) patients because of its lower complication rates and better longevity compared to arteriovenous graft (AVG) and central venous catheter (CVC).

Methods: A cohort of 532 HD patients from nine HD facilities were recruited in September 2012 and prospectively followed for a median of 28 months. Unadjusted and fully adjusted hazard ratios (HR) of mortality for vascular access were calculated using Cox proportional hazards model.

Outcome of patients with multiple myeloma and renal failure on novel regimens.

Renal involvement occurs in 20-40% of newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM) patients, and diagnosis of myeloma is frequently made after investigation for unexplained renal disease. This is a retrospective study between 2006 and 2013 in which 57 consecutive patients seen at the Nephrology Unit with diagnosis of MM were enrolled. MM was diagnosed for the first time because of renal dysfunction and/or proteinuria in these patients.

Impact of Kidney Transplantation on Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation.

Introduction: Hemodialysis patients face oxidative stress and inflammation induced by both kidney dysfunction and hemodialysis procedure. These are supposed to be partly responsible for the excessive cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in hemodialysis patients. We investigated the impact of kidney transplantation on the biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation.

Non-diabetic renal disease with or without diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetes: clinical predictors and outcome.

Background: Renal involvement in type 2 diabetes is mostly due to diabetic nephropathy (DN), but a subset of diabetic patients could present with pure non-diabetic renal disease (NDRD) or NDRD superimposed on DN. We conducted a prospective cohort study to identify the underline renal pathology in type 2 diabetic patients with defined clinical criteria for renal biopsy.

Methods: A total of 46 patients (27 female, mean age of 48.

Prospective study of BK virus infection and nephropathy during the first year after kidney transplantation.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and severity of BK virus infection, BK virus nephritis, and related risk factors among kidney transplant recipients.

Materials And Methods: BK viremia during the first year of kidney transplantation was assessed prospectively in 32 successive recipients. BK virus DNA was extracted and determined in all samples by real-time polymerase reaction assay for 1 year after kidney transplantation.

Patient outcome in primary peritoneal dialysis patients versus those transferred from hemodialysis and transplantation.

Background: According to the concept of integrated care, renal transplantation, peritoneal dialysis (PD), and hemodialysis (HD) should be considered three complementary methods of renal replacement therapy. This study tried to evaluate patient outcomes in three different groups of PD patients, namely primary PD patients, those transferred to PD with failing kidney transplant, and those transferred to PD from HD.

Method: From January 1, 1995, to end of 2006 from 26 PD centers, 1,355 patients including demographic, clinical and laboratory data, which were monthly collected through questionnaires, were enrolled in the study.

The deleterious effect of metabolic acidosis on nutritional status of hemodialysis patients.

One of the main causes of protein-energy malnutrition in patients on maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) is metabolic acidosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of metabolic acidosis on nutritional status in a group of MHD patients with adequately delivered dialysis treatment. Of 165 eligible anuric MHD outpatients with Kt/V ≥ 1 and no underlying inflammatory diseases, 47 subjects were enrolled.

Prognostic factors and therapy assessment of IgA nephropathy: report from a single unit in iran.

Background: Immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy is the most common cause of primary glomerulonephritis with slow progression to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in up to 40% of patients.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study of patients with biopsy-proven IgA nephropathy was performed in our center from 1998 to 2009. We tried to determine the clinical and pathological factors which affect patients progressing to ESRD.

Low prevalence of BK virus nephropathy on nonprotocol renal biopsies in Iranian kidney transplant recipients: one center's experience and review of the literature.

Objectives: BK virus-associated nephropathy in renal transplant recipients has been increasing in frequency in recent years. This rise is probably because of widespread use of highly potent immunosuppressive regimens, and increased immunosuppression load leads to inability of the recipients to increase a successful antiviral immune response. The incidence of BK virus-associated nephropathy in different reports is between 1% and 10%, with an allograft loss in significant numbers of patients, especially when timely diagnosis and treatment is not restored.

Survival and morbidity of HIV patients on hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis: one center's experience and review of the literature.

Background: Controversy continues concerning the morbidity and mortality of HIV-infected ESRD patients on the two dialysis options. This article presents our experience with complications and survival rate among our HIV-infected ESRD patients on peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis. We reviewed the literature on this subject.